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Multicore and FPGA implementations of emotional-based agent architectures

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Abstract

Control architectures based on Emotions are becoming promising solutions for the implementation of future robotic agents. The basic controllers of the architecture are the emotional processes that decide which behaviors of the robot must activate to fulfill the objectives. The number of emotional processes increases (hundreds of millions/s) with the complexity level of the application, reducing the processing capacity of the main processor to solve complex problems (millions of decisions in a given instant). However, the potential parallelism of the emotional processes permits their execution in parallel on FPGAs or Multicores, thus enabling slack computing in the main processor to tackle more complex dynamic problems. In this paper, an emotional architecture for mobile robotic agents is presented. The workload of the emotional processes is evaluated. Then, the main processor is extended with FPGA co-processors through Ethernet link. The FPGAs will be in charge of the execution of the emotional processes in parallel. Different Stratix FPGAs are compared to analyze their suitability to cope with the proposed mobile robotic agent applications. The applications are set up taking into account different environmental conditions, robot dynamics and emotional states. Moreover, the applications are run also on Multicore processors to compare their performance in relation to the FPGAs. Experimental results show that Stratix IV FPGA increases the performance in about one order of magnitude over the main processor and solves all the considered problems. Quad-Core increases the performance in 3.64 times, allowing to tackle about 89 % of the considered problems. Quad-Core has a lower cost than a Stratix IV, so more adequate solution but not for the most complex application. Stratix III could be applied to solve problems with around the double of the requirements that the main processor could support. Finally, a Dual-Core provides slightly better performance than stratix III and it is relatively cheaper.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported in part under Spanish Grant PAID/2012/325 of “Programa de Apoyo a la Investigación y Desarrollo. Proyectos multidisciplinares”, Universitat Politécnica de Valencia, Spain.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Engineering (DISCA), Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (UPV), Valencia, Spain

    Carlos Domínguez, Houcine Hassan, Alfons Crespo & José Albaladejo

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  1. Carlos Domínguez
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  2. Houcine Hassan
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  3. Alfons Crespo
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  4. José Albaladejo
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Correspondence to Houcine Hassan.

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Domínguez, C., Hassan, H., Crespo, A. et al. Multicore and FPGA implementations of emotional-based agent architectures. J Supercomput 71, 479–507 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-014-1307-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-014-1307-6

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