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Structural analysis and biomedical potential of novel salicyloyloxy estrane derivatives synthesized by microwave irradiation

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Abstract

New estrane salicyloyloxy or D-homo derivatives were synthesized under microwave (MW) or conventional heating from estrane precursors and methyl salicylate. The MW technique provides advantages regarding product yield and reaction time, and represents a more environmentally friendly approach than conventional heating. Considering the biomedical potential of estrane compounds, we evaluated the antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of synthesized estrane derivatives in a series of in vitro tests, as well as their 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ5 → Δ4 isomerase (3βHSD) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase types 1, 2 and 3 (17βHSD1, 17βHSD2 and 17βHSD3) inhibition potentials. In DPPH tests, 3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17β-yl salicylate displayed antioxidant potential, while all compounds exhibited OH radical neutralization activity. 3-Oxoestr-4-en-17β-yl salicylate showed strong cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, while 17-oxoestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-3-yl salicylate, estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17β-diyl 3-benzoate 17-salicylate and 3-benzyloxy-17-salicyloyloxy-16,17-secoestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-16-nitrile showed the strongest inhibition of PC-3 prostate cancer cell growth. 3-Hydroxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17β-yl salicylate was the best inhibitor of 17βHSD2, suggesting potential use in treating pathological conditions associated with estrogen depletion. For 3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17β-yl salicylate and 3-oxoestr-4-en-17β-yl salicylate, X-ray crystal structure analysis and molecular energy optimization were performed to define their conformations and energy minima. Very good overlap in the region of the steroidal nucleus was observed for the molecular structures of each analyzed molecule in the crystalline state and after energy optimization, while conformer analysis indicates conformational flexibility in the form of rotation around the C17···O2 bond. Structural geometry analysis for these compounds shows that the region of ring A in steroids, and especially the C3 atom functional group, is important structural features concerning antiproliferative activity against MDA-MB-231 cells.

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Acknowledgments

Authors would like to thank the Hungary-Serbia IPA Cross-border Co-operation Programme (Project No. HUSRB/1002/214/133 RECODAC), Provincial Secretariat for Science and Technological Development of Vojvodina (Grant No. 114-451-946/2015-03) and Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia for financial support (Grant No. 172021). The work of N. Szabó was supported by a PhD Fellowship of the Talentum Fund of Richter Gedeon Plc.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 4, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia

    Olivera R. Klisurić

  2. 1st Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 8-10, 6720, Szeged, Hungary

    Mihály Szécsi, Szabó Nikoletta & Bianka Edina Herman

  3. Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia

    Evgenija A. Djurendić, Suzana S. Jovanović Šanta, Sanja V. Dojčinović Vujašković, Andrea R. Nikolić, Ksenija J. Pavlović, Jovana J. Ajduković, Aleksandar M. Oklješa, Marija N. Sakač & Katarina M. Penov Gaši

  4. Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 4, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia

    Edward T. Petri

  5. Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Put Dr Goldmana 4, 21204, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia

    Vesna V. Kojić

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  1. Olivera R. Klisurić
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Correspondence to Olivera R. Klisurić.

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Klisurić, O.R., Szécsi, M., Djurendić, E.A. et al. Structural analysis and biomedical potential of novel salicyloyloxy estrane derivatives synthesized by microwave irradiation. Struct Chem 27, 947–960 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11224-015-0678-5

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