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New Side-Looking Rogowski Coil Sensor for Measuring Large-Magnitude Fast Impulse Currents

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Abstract

This paper presents a new design of a side-looking “flat spiral” self-integrating Rogowski coil that is wound by twin coaxial cable with individual sheath. The coil is tested with different impulse current waveforms up to 7 kA peak value to improve its performance. The coil design is optimized to achieve bandwidth and sensitivity up to 7.854 MHz and 3.623 V/kA, respectively. The coil is calibrated versus two commercial impulse-current measurement devices at different coil-to-wire separations, coil inclination angles, and impulse current waveforms. Distortion of the coil output voltage waveform is examined by using the lumped-element model to optimize the connections of the four cable winding sheaths and the coil termination resistance. Finally, the coil frequency response is investigated to optimize the coil design parameters and achieve the desired bandwidth (large low-frequency time constant), high rate of rise, no overshoot, very small droop, high rate of fall, and no backswing.

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Abbreviations

C :

Coil self-capacitance

C c :

Signal cable capacitance

C g :

Capacitance of the impulse current generator

d :

Coil-to-wire separation

f h :

Upper “cutoff” frequency

f h1 :

Plateau high corner frequency

f l :

Lower “cutoff” frequency

f l1 :

Plateau low corner frequency

i p (t):

Primary current to be measured

I mean :

Current mean value

I o :

Negative offset current value

I p :

Peak value of the primary current to be measured

I peak :

Current pulse peak value

L :

Coil self-inductance

M :

Coil mutual inductance

N :

The coil total number of turns

N 1 :

Number of turns for each layer

p :

Winding pitch

r 1 :

Winding inner radius

r 2 :

Winding outer radius

r i :

Wooden core inner radius

r w :

Winding wire radius

R :

Coil self-resistance

R m :

Coil matching non-inductive shunt resistance

R t :

Coil termination resistance

S :

Sensitivity amplitude

v o (t):

Coil output voltage at oscilloscope end

V o :

Peak value of coil output voltage at oscilloscope end

X L :

Coil inductive reactance

Z o :

Coil surge impedance

α S :

Sensitivity and phase angle

δ :

Thickness of Bakelite disc

ɛ r :

Relative permittivity of Bakelite disc

τ :

Time duration of square current pulse

τ l :

Low-frequency time constant

θ :

Angle of coil inclination

CRC:

Commercial Rogowski coil

ICT:

Impulse current transformer

ICG:

Impulse current generator

FFT:

Fast Fourier transformer

PCB:

Printed circuit board

TVSS:

Transient voltage surge suppressors

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, 123, Oman

    I. A. Metwally

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  1. I. A. Metwally
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Correspondence to I. A. Metwally.

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Metwally, I.A. New Side-Looking Rogowski Coil Sensor for Measuring Large-Magnitude Fast Impulse Currents. Sens Imaging 16, 100 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11220-014-0100-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11220-014-0100-1

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