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The Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) Mission

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Abstract

The MAVEN spacecraft launched in November 2013, arrived at Mars in September 2014, and completed commissioning and began its one-Earth-year primary science mission in November 2014. The orbiter’s science objectives are to explore the interactions of the Sun and the solar wind with the Mars magnetosphere and upper atmosphere, to determine the structure of the upper atmosphere and ionosphere and the processes controlling it, to determine the escape rates from the upper atmosphere to space at the present epoch, and to measure properties that allow us to extrapolate these escape rates into the past to determine the total loss of atmospheric gas to space through time. These results will allow us to determine the importance of loss to space in changing the Mars climate and atmosphere through time, thereby providing important boundary conditions on the history of the habitability of Mars. The MAVEN spacecraft contains eight science instruments (with nine sensors) that measure the energy and particle input from the Sun into the Mars upper atmosphere, the response of the upper atmosphere to that input, and the resulting escape of gas to space. In addition, it contains an Electra relay that will allow it to relay commands and data between spacecraft on the surface and Earth.

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Abbreviations

ACC:

Accelerometer

ACS:

Attitude Control System

APP:

Articulated Payload Platform

b.y.:

billion years

b.y.a.:

billion years ago

CME:

Coronal Mass Ejection

DSMC:

Direct Simulation Monte Carlo

EUV:

Extreme Ultraviolet light

EUV:

Extreme Ultraviolet sensor on the LPW instrument

eV:

Electron Volts

GCM:

General Circulation Model

GSFC:

Goddard Space Flight Center

HGA:

High-Gain Antenna

IMF:

Interplanetary Magnetic Field

IUVS:

Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph

LGA:

Low-Gain Antenna

LMD:

Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique

LPW:

Langmuir Probe and Waves instrument

MAG:

Magnetometer

MAVEN:

Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (Mission)

MGS:

Mars Global Surveyor

MHD:

Magnetohydrodynamic

MLI:

Multi-Layer Insulation

MOI:

Mars Orbit Insertion

MPB:

Magnetic Pile-up Boundary

MSL:

Mars Science Laboratory

NASA:

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

NASCAP:

NASA/Air Force Spacecraft Charging Analysis Program

NGIMS:

Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer

OTM:

Orbital Trim Maneuver

PTE:

Periapsis Timing Estimator

RWA:

Reaction Wheel Assembly

SA:

Solar Arrays

SEP:

Solar Energetic Particle instrument

SEPs:

Solar Energetic Particles

SEU:

Single-Event Upset

SSL:

Space Science Laboratory

STATIC:

Suprathermal and Thermal Ion Composition instrument

SWEA:

Solar-Wind Electron Analyzer

SWIA:

Solar-Wind Ion Analyzer

TCM:

Trajectory Correction Maneuver

TWTA:

Traveling Wave Tube Assembly

UHF:

Ultra-high frequency

3D:

Three dimensional

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Acknowledgements

The MAVEN mission would not have been possible without the incredible dedication, commitment, and experience of the many hundreds of people (of all job classifications) who have worked on MAVEN. To call out a few by name would feel like a disservice to those not mentioned. They each have our incredible gratitude and appreciation for their efforts. In addition, we benefitted tremendously from the strong support from each of our partner organizations. Funding for the MAVEN mission was provided by NASA, with additional funding from CNES.

Author information

Author notes

  1. J. Halekas

    Present address: Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA

    B. M. Jakosky, L. Andersson, D. Baker, D. Brain, A. DeWolfe, F. Eparvier, R. Ergun, X. Fang, G. Holsclaw, M. Kelley, M. Lankton, W. McClintock, W. Peterson, W. Possel, N. Schneider, A. I. F. Stewart & T. Woods

  2. Space Sciences Laboratory, U.C. Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA

    R. P. Lin, J. G. Luhmann, D. Curtis, G. Delory, J. Halekas, D. Larson, R. Lillis, J. McFadden & D. L. Mitchell

  3. NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD, USA

    J. M. Grebowsky, D. F. Mitchell, M. Acuna, R. Bartlett, M. Benna, D. Carson, S. Cauffman, P. Chamberlin, O. Cheatom, J. Connerney, J. Espley, D. Folta, C. Gomez-Rosa, M. Houghton, R. Howard, M. Jarosz, N. Jedrich, W. Kasprzak, T. King, P. Mahaffy, J. Morrissey & S. Sparacino

  4. Lockheed Martin Corp., Littleton, CO, USA

    G. Beutelschies, T. Priser, S. Habenicht, M. Johnson, W. Sidney & C. Waters

  5. NASA/JSC, Houston, TX, USA

    D. Baird

  6. U. Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    S. Bougher

  7. LMD/CNRS, Paris, France

    J.-Y. Chaufray

  8. Boston Univ., Boston, MA, USA

    J. Clarke

  9. U. Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA

    T. Cravens

  10. NASA/JPL, Pasadena, CA, USA

    S. Demcak & R. Zurek

  11. Swedish Inst. Space Phys., Uppsala, Sweden

    A. Eriksson

  12. Wright State Univ., Dayton, OH, USA

    J. Fox

  13. LATMOS/CNRS, Paris, France

    F. Leblanc, F. Lefevre & F. Montmessin

  14. IRAP, Toulouse, France

    C. Mazelle, J.-A. Sauvaud & D. Toublanc

  15. National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA, USA

    R. Tolson

  16. Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA

    R. Yelle

Authors
  1. B. M. Jakosky
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  2. R. P. Lin
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Correspondence to B. M. Jakosky.

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Jakosky, B.M., Lin, R.P., Grebowsky, J.M. et al. The Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) Mission. Space Sci Rev 195, 3–48 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-015-0139-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-015-0139-x

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