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An Intense Flare–CME Event in 2015: Propagation and Interaction Effects Between the Sun and Earth’s Orbit

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Abstract

We report the interplanetary effects of a fast coronal mass ejection (CME) associated with the intense X2.7 flare that occurred on 05 May 2015. The near-Sun signatures of the CME at low-coronal heights [\({<}\,2~\mathrm{R}_{\odot}\)] are obtained from the EUV images at 171 Å and metric radio observations. The intensity and duration of the CME-driven radio bursts in the near-Sun and interplanetary medium indicate this CME event to be an energetic one. The interplanetary-scintillation data, along with the low-frequency radio spectrum, played a crucial role in understanding the radial evolution of the speed and expansion of the CME in the inner heliosphere as well as its interaction with a preceding slow CME. The estimation of the speed of the CME at several points along the Sun to 1 AU trajectory shows that: i) the CME went through a rapid acceleration as well as expansion up to a height of \({\approx}\,6~\mathrm{R}_{\odot}\), and ii) the CME continued to propagate at speed \({\geq}\,800~\mbox{km}\,\mbox{s}^{-1}\) between the Sun and 1 AU. These results show that the CME likely overcame the drag exerted by the ambient/background solar wind with the support of its internal magnetic energy. When the CME interacted with a slow, preceding CME, the turbulence level associated with the CME-driven disturbance increased significantly.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the observing and engineering staff of the Radio Astronomy Centre (RAC) for help in making the IPS observations. The RAC is run by the National Centre for Radio Astrophysics of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. We acknowledge the LASCO images from the SOHO mission, which is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. The authors also thank the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) science teams for providing the high-resolution EUV images. We acknowledge the teams of the GOES spacecraft, ISTP Wind/WAVES, and Hiraiso Radio Spectrograph (HiRAS: hirweb.nict.go.jp ). We are thankful to the World Data Centre (WDC) of Space Weather Services, Bureau of Meteorology of Australia for the analysis of Culgoora data ( www.sws.bom.gov.au/Solar/ ). PROBA-2/SWAP is a project of the Centre Spatial de Liège and the Royal Observatory of Belgium funded by the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO). We also thank M.A. Krishnakumar for reading the manuscript. We thank the referee for useful comments.

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  1. Radio Astronomy Centre, National Centre for Radio Astrophysics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, P.O. Box 8, Udhagamandalam (Ooty), 643001, India

    Abhishek Johri & P. K. Manoharan

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  1. Abhishek Johri
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Correspondence to Abhishek Johri.

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Abhishek Johri and P.K. Manoharan do not have any conflicts of interest.

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Johri, A., Manoharan, P.K. An Intense Flare–CME Event in 2015: Propagation and Interaction Effects Between the Sun and Earth’s Orbit. Sol Phys 291, 1433–1446 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-016-0900-7

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