Abstract
We investigate the interaction of three consecutive large-scale coronal waves with a polar coronal hole, simultaneously observed on-disk by the Solar TErrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO)-A spacecraft and on the limb by the PRoject for On-Board Autonomy 2 (PROBA2) spacecraft on 27 January 2011. All three extreme ultraviolet (EUV) waves originate from the same active region, NOAA 11149, positioned at N30E15 in the STEREO-A field of view and on the limb in PROBA2. For the three primary EUV waves, we derive starting velocities in the range of ≈ 310 km s−1 for the weakest up to ≈ 500 km s−1 for the strongest event. Each large-scale wave is reflected at the border of the extended coronal hole at the southern polar region. The average velocities of the reflected waves are found to be smaller than the mean velocities of their associated direct waves. However, the kinematical study also reveals that in each case the ending velocity of the primary wave matches the initial velocity of the reflected wave. In all three events, the primary and reflected waves obey the Huygens–Fresnel principle, as the incident angle with ≈ 10° to the normal is of the same magnitude as the angle of reflection. The correlation between the speed and the strength of the primary EUV waves, the homologous appearance of both the primary and the reflected waves, and in particular the EUV wave reflections themselves suggest that the observed EUV transients are indeed nonlinear large-amplitude MHD waves.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Attrill, G.D.R.: 2010, Dispelling illusions of reflection: A new analysis of the 2007 May 19 coronal “wave” event. Astrophys. J. 718, 494 – 501. doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/718/1/494 .
Attrill, G.D.R., Harra, L.K., van Driel-Gesztelyi, L., Démoulin, P.: 2007, Coronal “wave”: Magnetic footprint of a coronal mass ejection? Astrophys. J. Lett. 656, L101 – L104. doi: 10.1086/512854 .
Berghmans, D., Hochedez, J.F., Defise, J.M., Lecat, J.H., Nicula, B., Slemzin, V., Lawrence, G., Katsyiannis, A.C., van der Linden, R., Zhukov, A., Clette, F., Rochus, P., Mazy, E., Thibert, T., Nicolosi, P., Pelizzo, M.G., Schühle, U.: 2006, SWAP onboard PROBA 2, a new EUV imager for solar monitoring. Adv. Space Res. 38, 1807 – 1811. doi: 10.1016/j.asr.2005.03.070 .
Biesecker, D.A., Myers, D.C., Thompson, B.J., Hammer, D.M., Vourlidas, A.: 2002, Solar phenomena associated with “EIT waves”. Astrophys. J. 569, 1009 – 1015. doi: 10.1086/339402 .
Chen, P.F., Fang, C.: 2005, EIT waves – A signature of global magnetic restructuring in CMEs. In: Dere, K., Wang, J., Yan, Y. (eds.) Coronal and Stellar Mass Ejections, IAU Symp. 226, 55 – 64. doi: 10.1017/S1743921305000141 .
Chen, P.F., Wu, S.T., Shibata, K., Fang, C.: 2002, Evidence of EIT and Moreton waves in numerical simulations. Astrophys. J. Lett. 572, L99 – L102. doi: 10.1086/341486 .
Cohen, O., Attrill, G.D.R., Manchester, W.B. IV, Wills-Davey, M.J.: 2009, Numerical simulation of an EUV coronal wave based on the 2009 February 13 CME event observed by STEREO. Astrophys. J. 705, 587 – 602. doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/705/1/587 .
Dai, Y., Auchère, F., Vial, J., Tang, Y.H., Zong, W.G.: 2010, Large-scale extreme-ultraviolet disturbances associated with a limb coronal mass ejection. Astrophys. J. 708, 913 – 919. doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/708/2/913 .
de Groof, A., Berghmans, D., Defise, J.M., Nicula, B., Schuehle, U.: 2008, SWAP onboard PROBA2: An innovative EUV imager designed for space weather. In: 12th European Solar Physics Meeting, Freiburg, Germany 12, 116 – 118. http://espm.kis.uni-freiburg.de/ .
Delannée, C.: 2000, Another view of the EIT wave phenomenon. Astrophys. J. 545, 512 – 523. doi: 10.1086/317777 .
Delannée, C., Aulanier, G.: 1999, CME associated with transequatorial loops and a bald patch flare. Solar Phys. 190, 107 – 129. doi: 10.1023/A:1005249416605 .
Gallagher, P.T., Long, D.M.: 2010, Large-scale bright fronts in the solar corona: A review of “EIT waves”. Space Sci. Rev., 127. doi: 10.1007/s11214-010-9710-7 .
Gopalswamy, N., Yashiro, S., Temmer, M., Davila, J., Thompson, W.T., Jones, S., McAteer, R.T.J., Wuelser, J.P., Freeland, S., Howard, R.A.: 2009, EUV wave reflection from a coronal hole. Astrophys. J. Lett. 691, L123 – L127. doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/691/2/L123 .
Grechnev, V.V., Afanasyev, A.N., Uralov, A.M., Chertok, I.M., Eselevich, M.V., Eselevich, V.G., Rudenko, G.V., Kubo, Y.: 2011, Coronal shock waves, EUV waves, and their relation to CMEs. III. Shock-associated CME/EUV wave in an event with a two-component EUV transient. Solar Phys. 273, 461 – 477. doi: 10.1007/s11207-011-9781-y .
Halain, J.P., Berghmans, D., Defise, J.M., Renotte, E., Thibert, T., Mazy, E., Rochus, P., Nicula, B., de Groof, A., Seaton, D., Schühle, U.: 2010, First light of SWAP on-board PROBA2. In: SPIE Conf. Series 7732. doi: 10.1117/12.857979 .
Howard, R.A., Moses, J.D., Vourlidas, A., Newmark, J.S., Socker, D.G., Plunkett, S.P., Korendyke, C.M., Cook, J.W., Hurley, A., Davila, J.M., Thompson, W.T., St. Cyr, O.C., Mentzell, E., Mehalick, K., Lemen, J.R., Wuelser, J.P., Duncan, D.W., Tarbell, T.D., Wolfson, C.J., Moore, A., Harrison, R.A., Waltham, N.R., Lang, J., Davis, C.J., Eyles, C.J., Mapson-Menard, H., Simnett, G.M., Halain, J.P., Defise, J.M., Mazy, E., Rochus, P., Mercier, R., Ravet, M.F., Delmotte, F., Auchère, F., Delaboudinière, J.P., Bothmer, V., Deutsch, W., Wang, D., Rich, N., Cooper, S., Stephens, V., Maahs, G., Baugh, R., McMullin, D., Carter, T.: 2008, Sun Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation (SECCHI). Space Sci. Rev. 136, 67 – 115. doi: 10.1007/s11214-008-9341-4 .
Hudson, H.S., Khan, J.I., Lemen, J.R., Nitta, N.V., Uchida, Y.: 2003, Soft X-ray observation of a large-scale coronal wave and its exciter. Solar Phys. 212, 121 – 149. doi: 10.1023/A:1022904125479 .
Kaiser, M.L., Kucera, T.A., Davila, J.M., St. Cyr, O.C., Guhathakurta, M., Christian, E.: 2008, The STEREO mission: An introduction. Space Sci. Rev. 136, 5 – 16. doi: 10.1007/s11214-007-9277-0 .
Khan, J.I., Aurass, H.: 2002, X-ray observations of a large-scale solar coronal shock wave. Astron. Astrophys. 383, 1018 – 1031. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:20011707 .
Kienreich, I.W., Temmer, M., Veronig, A.M.: 2009, STEREO quadrature observations of the three-dimensional structure and driver of a global coronal wave. Astrophys. J. Lett. 703, L118 – L122. doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/703/2/L118 .
Kienreich, I.W., Veronig, A.M., Muhr, N., Temmer, M., Vršnak, B., Nitta, N.: 2011, Case study of four homologous large-scale coronal waves observed on 2010 April 28 and 29. Astrophys. J. Lett. 727, L43 – L48. doi: 10.1088/2041-8205/727/2/L43 .
Klassen, A., Aurass, H., Mann, G., Thompson, B.J.: 2000, Catalogue of the 1997 SOHO-EIT coronal transient waves and associated type II radio burst spectra. Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. 141, 357 – 369. doi: 10.1051/aas:2000125 .
Lin, H., Kuhn, J.R., Coulter, R.: 2004, Coronal magnetic field measurements. Astrophys. J. Lett. 613, L177 – L180. doi: 10.1086/425217 .
Liu, Y., Lin, H.: 2008, Observational test of coronal magnetic field models. I. Comparison with potential field model. Astrophys. J. 680, 1496 – 1507. doi: 10.1086/588645 .
Liu, W., Nitta, N.V., Schrijver, C.J., Title, A.M., Tarbell, T.D.: 2010, First SDO AIA observations of a global coronal EUV “wave”: Multiple components and “ripples”. Astrophys. J. Lett. 723, L53 – L59. doi: 10.1088/2041-8205/723/1/L53 .
Long, D.M., Gallagher, P.T., McAteer, R.T.J., Bloomfield, D.S.: 2008, The kinematics of a globally propagating disturbance in the solar corona. Astrophys. J. Lett. 680, L81 – L84. doi: 10.1086/589742 .
Ma, S., Wills-Davey, M.J., Lin, J., Chen, P.F., Attrill, G.D.R., Chen, H., Zhao, S., Li, Q., Golub, L.: 2009, A new view of coronal waves from STEREO. Astrophys. J. 707, 503 – 509. doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/707/1/503 .
Mann, G.: 1995, Simple magnetohydrodynamic waves. J. Plasma Phys. 53, 109. doi: 10.1017/S0022377800018043 .
Moses, D., Clette, F., Delaboudinière, J., Artzner, G.E., Bougnet, M., Brunaud, J., Carabetian, C., Gabriel, A.H., Hochedez, J.F., Millier, F., Song, X.Y., Au, B., Dere, K.P., Howard, R.A., Kreplin, R., Michels, D.J., Defise, J.M., Jamar, C., Rochus, P., Chauvineau, J.P., Marioge, J.P., Catura, R.C., Lemen, J.R., Shing, L., Stern, R.A., Gurman, J.B., Neupert, W.M., Newmark, J., Thompson, B., Maucherat, A., Portier-Fozzani, F., Berghmans, D., Cugnon, P., van Dessel, E.L., Gabryl, J.R.: 1997, EIT observations of the extreme ultraviolet Sun. Solar Phys. 175, 571 – 599. doi: 10.1023/A:1004902913117 .
Ofman, L., Thompson, B.J.: 2002, Interaction of EIT waves with coronal active regions. Astrophys. J. 574, 440 – 452. doi: 10.1086/340924 .
Patsourakos, S., Vourlidas, A.: 2009, “Extreme ultraviolet waves” are waves: First quadrature observations of an extreme ultraviolet wave from STEREO. Astrophys. J. Lett. 700, L182 – L186. doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/700/2/L182 .
Podladchikova, O., Berghmans, D.: 2005, Automated detection of EIT waves and dimmings. Solar Phys. 228, 265 – 284. doi: 10.1007/s11207-005-5373-z .
Priest, E.R.: 1982, Solar Magnetohydrodynamics, Reidel, Dordrecht.
Rotter, T., Veronig, A.M., Temmer, M., Vršnak, B.: 2012, Coronal holes and forecasting the solar wind parameters. Solar Phys. submitted.
Temmer, M., Veronig, A.M., Gopalswamy, N., Yashiro, S.: 2011, Relation between the 3D-geometry of the coronal wave and associated CME during the 26 April 2008 event. Solar Phys. 273, 421 – 432. doi: 10.1007/s11207-011-9746-1 .
Thompson, B.J., Myers, D.C.: 2009, A catalog of coronal “EIT wave” transients. Astrophys. J. Suppl. 183, 225 – 243. doi: 10.1088/0067-0049/183/2/225 .
Thompson, B.J., Gurman, J.B., Neupert, W.M., Newmark, J.S., Delaboudinière, J.P., St. Cyr, O.C., Stezelberger, S., Dere, K.P., Howard, R.A., Michels, D.J.: 1999, SOHO/EIT observations of the 1997 April 7 coronal transient: Possible evidence of coronal Moreton waves. Astrophys. J. Lett. 517, L151 – L154. doi: 10.1086/312030 .
Thompson, B.J., Plunkett, S.P., Gurman, J.B., Newmark, J.S., St. Cyr, O.C., Michels, D.J.: 1998, SOHO/EIT observations of an Earth-directed coronal mass ejection on May 12, 1997. Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 2465 – 2468. doi: 10.1029/98GL50429 .
Veronig, A.M., Temmer, M., Vršnak, B.: 2008, High-cadence observations of a global coronal wave by STEREO EUVI. Astrophys. J. Lett. 681, L113 – L116. doi: 10.1086/590493 .
Veronig, A.M., Temmer, M., Vršnak, B., Thalmann, J.K.: 2006, Interaction of a Moreton/EIT wave and a coronal hole. Astrophys. J. 647, 1466 – 1471. doi: 10.1086/505456 .
Veronig, A.M., Muhr, N., Kienreich, I.W., Temmer, M., Vršnak, B.: 2010, First observations of a dome-shaped large-scale coronal extreme-ultraviolet wave. Astrophys. J. Lett. 716, L57 – L62. doi: 10.1088/2041-8205/716/1/L57 .
Vršnak, B., Lulić, S.: 2000, Formation of coronal MHD shock waves – I. The basic mechanism. Solar Phys. 196, 157 – 180. doi: 10.1023/A:1005236804727
Vršnak, B., Warmuth, A., Temmer, M., Veronig, A., Magdalenić, J., Hillaris, A., Karlický, M.: 2006, Multi-wavelength study of coronal waves associated with the CME-flare event of 3 November 2003. Astron. Astrophys. 448, 739 – 752. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:20053740 .
Wang, Y.M.: 2000, EIT waves and fast-mode propagation in the solar corona. Astrophys. J. Lett. 543, L89 – L93. doi: 10.1086/318178 .
Warmuth, A.: 2010, Large-scale waves in the solar corona: The continuing debate. Adv. Space Res. 45, 527 – 536. doi: 10.1016/j.asr.2009.08.022 .
Warmuth, A., Vršnak, B., Aurass, H., Hanslmeier, A.: 2001, Evolution of two EIT/Hα Moreton waves. Astrophys. J. Lett. 560, L105 – L109. doi: 10.1086/324055 .
Warmuth, A., Vršnak, B., Magdalenić, J., Hanslmeier, A., Otruba, W.: 2004, A multiwavelength study of solar flare waves. I. Observations and basic properties. Astron. Astrophys. 418, 1101 – 1115. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:20034332 .
White, S.M., Thompson, B.J.: 2005, High-cadence radio observations of an EIT wave. Astrophys. J. Lett. 620, L63 – L66. doi: 10.1086/428428 .
Wills-Davey, M.J., Attrill, G.D.R.: 2010, EIT waves: A changing understanding over a solar cycle. Space Science Rev. 22. doi: 10.1007/s11214-009-9612-8 .
Wills-Davey, M.J., Thompson, B.J.: 1999, Observations of a propagating disturbance in TRACE. Solar Phys. 190, 467 – 483. doi: 10.1023/A:1005201500675 .
Zheng, R., Jiang, Y., Yang, J., Bi, Y., Hong, J., Yang, B., Yang, D.: 2012, Homologous extreme ultraviolet waves in the emerging flux region observed by the solar dynamics observatory. Astrophys. J. 747, 67. doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/747/1/67 .
Zhukov, A.N.: 2011, EIT wave observations and modeling in the STEREO era. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. 73, 1096 – 1116. doi: 10.1016/j.jastp.2010.11.030 .
Zhukov, A.N., Auchère, F.: 2004, On the nature of EIT waves, EUV dimmings and their link to CMEs. Astron. Astrophys. 427, 705 – 716. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:20040351 .
Žic, T., Vršnak, B., Temmer, M., Jacobs, C.: 2008, Cylindrical and spherical pistons as drivers of MHD shocks. Solar Phys. 253, 237 – 247. doi: 10.1007/s11207-008-9173-0 .
Acknowledgements
I.W.K., N.M., and A.M.V. acknowledge the Austrian Science Fund (FWF): P20867-N16 and P24092-N16. The MOEL Förderungsprogramm is acknowledged by N.M. The European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 218816 (SOTERIA) is acknowledged (B.V. and M.T.). We thank the PROBA2 team and STEREO/SECCHI teams for their open data policy. SWAP is a project of the Centre Spatial de Liège and the Royal Observatory of Belgium funded by the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO). I.W.K. thanks the PROBA2 team members for their support during her stay at the Royal Observatory of Belgium as a PROBA2 guest investigator.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
PROBA2 – First Two Years of Solar Observation
Guest Editors: David Berghmans, Anik De Groof, Marie Dominique, and Jean-François Hochedez
Electronic Supplementary Material
Below are the links to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kienreich, I.W., Muhr, N., Veronig, A.M. et al. Solar TErrestrial Relations Observatory-A (STEREO-A) and PRoject for On-Board Autonomy 2 (PROBA2) Quadrature Observations of Reflections of Three EUV Waves from a Coronal Hole. Sol Phys 286, 201–219 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-012-0023-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-012-0023-8