Skip to main content
Log in

High-tech start-up firm survival originating from a combined use of internal resources

  • Published:
Small Business Economics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Although various streams in the existing literature on the resource-based view (RBV) of the firm argue that firm survival and performance can benefit from a combined use of internal resources, relatively limited empirical evidence is provided that supports this argument. To fill this gap in the literature, in this article, we focus on how combinations of internal resources affect the survival chance of technology-based start-ups by using a unique dataset from a high-tech park in Beijing, China. Empirical results show that firms’ interconnected internal resources exert a significant influence on these firms’ survival chance. Our findings imply that the survival of new technology-based start-ups benefits from the synergetic effect of combining resources. In detail, the data support the hypothesis that the combined use of R&D resources, internal financial resources, and scientifically skilled employees, as posited by the RBV, has an amplifying effect on the chances to survive of high-tech start-ups.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Agarwal, R., Echambadi, R., Franco, A. M., & Sarkar, M. B. (2004). Knowledge transfer through inheritance: spin-out generation, development, and survival. Academy of Management Journal, 47(4), 501–522. doi:10.2307/20159599.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amit, R., & Schoemaker, P. J. H. (1993). Strategic assets and organizational rent. Strategic Management Journal, 14(1), 33–46. doi:10.1002/smj.4250140105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Audretsch, D. B. (1995). Innovation, growth and survival. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 13(4), 441–457. doi:10.1016/0167-7187(95)00499-8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Audretsch, D. B., & Mahmood, T. (1994). The rate of hazard confronting new firms and plants in U.S. manufacturing. Review of Industrial Organization, 9(1), 41–56. doi:10.1007/BF01024218.

  • Autor, D. H., Katz, L. F., & Krueger, A. B. (1998). Computing inequality: have computers changed the labor market? The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113(4), 1169–1213. doi:10.1162/003355398555874.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barney, J. B. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99–120. doi:10.1177/014920639101700108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barney, J. B., & Arikan, A. M. (2001). The resource-based view: origins and implications. In M. A. Hitt, R. Edward Freeman, & J. S. Harrison (Eds.), The Blackwell handbook of strategic management (pp. 124–188). MA: Blackwell Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bates, T. (1990). Entrepreneur human capital inputs and small business longevity. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 72(4), 551–559. doi:10.2307/2109594.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Belso-Martinez, J. A., Molina-Morales, F. X., & Mas-Verdu, F. (2013). Combining effects of internal resources, entrepreneur characteristics and KIS on new firms. Journal of Business Research, 66(10), 2079–2089. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.02.034.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Black, J. A., & Boal, K. B. (1994). Strategic resources: traits, configurations and paths to sustainable competitive advantage. Strategic Management Journal, 15(S2), 131–148. doi:10.1002/smj.4250151009.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Box-Steffensmeier, J. M., & Jones, B. S. (2004). Event history modeling: a guide for social scientists. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Boyer, T., & Blazy, R. (2014). Born to be alive? The survival of innovative and non-innovative French micro-start-ups. Small Business Economics, 42(4), 669–683. doi:10.1007/s11187-013-9522-8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bridges, S., & Guariglia, A. (2008). Financial constraints, global engagement, and firm survival in the United Kingdom: evidence from micro data. Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 55(4), 444–464. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9485.2008.00461.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bruno, A. V., Liedecker, J. K., & Harder, J. W. (1986). Patterns of failure among Silicon Valley high technology firms. In J. W. Rodstadt, J. A. Hornaday, R. Peterson, & K. H. Vesper (Eds.), Frontiers of entrepreneurship research (pp. 677–694). Wellesley: Babson College.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buddelmeyer, H., Jensen, P. H., & Webster, E. (2010). Innovation and the determinants of company survival. Oxford Economic Papers, 62(2), 261–285. doi:10.1093/oep/gpp012.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter, R. E., & Petersen, B. C. (2002). Is the growth of small firms constrained by internal finance? The Review of Economics and Statistics, 84(2), 298–309. doi:10.1162/003465302317411541.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cefis, E., & Marsili, O. (2005). A matter of life and death: innovation and firm survival. Industrial and Corporate Change, 14(6), 1167–1192. doi:10.1093/icc/dth081.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cefis, E., & Marsili, O. (2011). Born to flip. exit decisions of entrepreneurial firms in high-tech and low-tech industries. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 21(3), 473–498. doi:10.1007/s00191-010-0210-4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. (1990). Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35(1), 128–152. doi:10.2307/2393553.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, S., Cotei, C., & Farhat, J. (2013). A resource-based view of new firm survival: new perspectives on the role of industry and exit route. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 18(1), 1350002. doi:10.1142/S1084946713500027.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, A. C., Gimeno-Gascon, F. J., & Woo, C. Y. (1994). Initial human and financial capital as predictors of new venture performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 9(5), 371–395. doi:10.1016/0883-9026(94)90013-2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Criaco, G., Minola, T., Migliorini, P., & Serarols-Tarrés, C. (2014). “To have and have not”: founders’ human capital and university start-up survival. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 39(4), 567–593. doi:10.1007/s10961-013-9312-0.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Denrell, J., Fang, C., & Winter, S. G. (2003). The economics of strategic opportunity. Strategic Management Journal, 24(10), 977–990. doi:10.1002/smj.341.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dierickx, I., & Cool, K. (1989). Asset stock accumulation and sustainability of competitive advantage. Management Science, 35(12), 1504–1511. doi:10.1287/mnsc.35.12.1504.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dutta, S., Narasimhan, O., & Rajiv, S. (1999). Success in high-technology markets: is marketing capability critical? Marketing Science, 18(4), 547–568. doi:10.1287/mksc.18.4.547.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dzhumashev, R., Mishra, V., & Smyth, R. (2016). Exporting, R&D investment and firm survival in the Indian IT sector. Journal of Asian Economics, 42, 1–19. doi:10.1016/j.asieco.2015.10.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Esteve-Perez, S., & Manez-Castillejo, J. A. (2008). The resource-based theory of the firm and firm survival. Small Business Economics, 30(3), 231–249. doi:10.1007/s11187-006-9011-4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Esteve-Perez, S., Sanchis-Llopis, A., & Sanchis-Llopis, J. A. (2004). The determinants of survival of Spanish manufacturing firms. Review of Industrial Organization, 25(3), 251–273. doi:10.1007/s11151-004-1972-3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, D. S. (1987). The relationship between firm growth, size, and age: estimates for 100 manufacturing industries. The Journal of Industrial Economics, 35(4), 567–581. doi:10.2307/2098588.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fichman, M., & Levinthal, D. A. (1991). Honeymoons and the liability of adolescence: a new perspective on duration dependence in social and organizational relationships. Academy of Management Review, 16(2), 442–468. doi:10.5465/AMR.1991.4278962.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fontana, R., & Nesta, L. (2009). Product innovation and survival in a high-tech industry. Review of Industrial Organization, 34(4), 287–306. doi:10.1007/s11151-009-9210-7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fotopoulos, G., & Louri, H. (2000). Location and survival of new entry. Small Business Economics, 14(4), 311–321. doi:10.1023/A:1008180522759.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Franco, A. M., Sarkar, M. B., Agarwal, R., & Echambadi, R. (2009). Swift and smart: the moderating effects of technological capabilities on the market pioneering-firm survival relationship. Management Science, 55(11), 1842–1860. doi:10.1287/mnsc.1090.1061.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, C. (1991). Networks of innovators: a synthesis of research issues. Research Policy, 20(5), 499–514. doi:10.1016/0048-7333(91)90072-X.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, J., Carroll, G. R., & Hannan, M. T. (1983). The liability of newness: age dependence in organizational death rates. American Sociological Review, 48(5), 692–710. doi:10.2307/2094928.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Galbreath, J. (2005). Which resources matter the most to firm success? An exploratory study of resource-based theory. Technovation, 25(9), 979–987. doi:10.1016/j.technovation.2004.02.008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geroski, P. A. (1995). What do we know about entry? International Journal of Industrial Organization, 13(4), 421–440. doi:10.1016/0167-7187(95)00498-X.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geroski, P. A., Mata, J., & Portugal, P. (2010). Founding conditions and the survival of new firms. Strategic Management Journal, 31(5), 510–529. doi:10.1002/smj.823.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gimmon, E., & Levie, J. (2010). Founder’s human capital, external investment, and the survival of new high-technology ventures. Research Policy, 39(9), 1214–1226. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2010.05.017.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giovannetti, G., Ricchiuti, G., & Velucchi, M. (2011). Size, innovation and internationalization: a survival analysis of Italian firms. Applied Economics, 43(12), 1511–1520. doi:10.1080/00036840802600566.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grant, R. M. (1991). The resource-based theory of competitive advantage: implications for strategy formulation. California Management Review, 33(3), 114–135. doi:10.2307/41166664.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grant, R. M. (2010). Contemporary strategy analysis (7th ed.). Chichester: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guariglia, A. (2008). Internal financial constraints, external financial constraints, and investment choice: evidence from a panel of UK firms. Journal of Banking & Finance, 32(9), 1795–1809. doi:10.1016/j.jbankfin.2007.12.008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guo, Q., He, C., & Li, D. (2016). Entrepreneurship in China: the role of localisation and urbanisation economies. Urban Studies, 53(12), 2584–2606. doi:10.1177/0042098015595598.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, B. (1987). The relationship between firm size and firm growth in the US manufacturing sector. The Journal of Industrial Economics, 35(4), 583–606. doi:10.2307/2098589.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hannah, M. T. (1998). Rethinking age dependence in organizational mortality: logical formalizations. American Journal of Sociology, 104(1), 126–164. doi:10.1086/210004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, J. S., Hall, E. H., & Nargundkar, R. (1993). Resource allocation as an outcropping of strategic consistency: performance implications. Academy of Management Journal, 36(5), 1026–1051. doi:10.2307/256644.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, J. S., Hitt, M. A., Hoskisson, R. E., & Ireland, R. D. (2001). Resource complementarity in business combinations: extending the logic to organizational alliances. Journal of Management, 27(6), 679–690. doi:10.1177/014920630102700605.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • He, C., & Yang, R. (2016). Determinants of firm failure: empirical evidence from China. Growth and Change, 47(1), 72–92. doi:10.1111/grow.12116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hitt, M. A., Biermant, L., Shimizu, K., & Kochhar, R. (2001). Direct and moderating effects of human capital on strategy and performance in professional service firms: a resource based perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 44(1), 13–28. doi:10.2307/3069334.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holtz-Eakin, D., Joulfaian, D., & Rosen, H. S. (1994). Sticking it out: entrepreneurial survival and liquidity constraints. Journal of Political Economy, 102(1), 53–75. doi:10.1086/261921.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Howell, A. (2015). ‘Indigenous’ innovation with heterogeneous risk and new firm survival in a transitioning Chinese economy. Research Policy, 44(10), 1866–1876. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2015.06.012.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hult, G. T. M., & Ketchen, D. J. (2001). Does market orientation matter? A test of the relationship between positional advantage and performance. Strategic Management Journal, 22(9), 899–906. doi:10.1002/smj.197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koch, A., Späth, J., & Strotmann, H. (2013). The role of employees for post-entry firm growth. Small Business Economics, 41(3), 733–755. doi:10.1007/s11187-012-9456-6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, C., Lee, K., & Pennings, J. M. (2001). Internal capabilities, external networks and performance: a study on technology-based ventures. Strategic Management Journal, 22(6–7), 615–640. doi:10.1002/smj.181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, R. E., & Justis, R. T. (1993). Franchising, liquidity constraints and entry. Applied Economics, 25(9), 1269–1277. doi:10.1080/00036849300000188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marvel, M., & Lumpkin, G. (2007). Technology entrepreneurs’ human capital and its effects on innovation radicalness. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31(6), 807–828. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6520.2007.00209.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mata, J., & Portugal, P. (2002). The survival of new domestic and foreign-owned firms. Strategic Management Journal, 23(4), 323–343. doi:10.1002/smj.217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, W. (1992). Are more good things better, or will technical and market capabilities conflict when a firm expands? Industrial and Corporate Change, 1(2), 327–346. doi:10.1093/icc/1.2.327.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Myers, S. C. (1984). The capital structure puzzle. The Journal of Finance, 39(3), 575–592. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.1984.tb03646.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Myers, S. C., & Majluf, N. S. (1984). Corporate financing and investment decisions when firms have information that investors do not have. Journal of Financial Economics, 13(2), 187–221. doi:10.1016/0304-405X(84)90023-0.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Newbert, S. L. (2007). Empirical research on the resource-based view of the firm: an assessment and suggestions for future research. Strategic Management Journal, 28(2), 121–146. doi:10.1002/smj.573.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peteraf, M. A. (1993). The cornerstones of competitive advantage: a resource-based view. Strategic Management Journal, 14(3), 179–191. doi:10.1002/smj.4250140303.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ranft, A. L., & Lord, M. D. (2002). Acquiring new technologies and capabilities: a grounded model of acquisition implementation. Organization Science, 13(4), 420–441. doi:10.1287/orsc.13.4.420.2952.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rauch, A., Frese, M., & Utsch, A. (2005). Effects of human capital and long-term human resources development and utilization on employment growth of small-scale businesses: a causal analysis. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29(6), 681–698. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6520.2005.00103.x.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robins, J., & Wiersema, M. F. (1995). A resource-based approach to the multibusiness firm: empirical analysis of portfolio interrelationships and corporate financial performance. Strategic Management Journal, 16(4), 277–299. doi:10.1002/smj.4250160403.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rothaermel, F. T. (2001). Complementary assets, strategic alliances, and the incumbent’s advantage: an empirical study of industry and firm effects in the biopharmaceutical industry. Research Policy, 30(8), 1235–1251. doi:10.1016/S0048-7333(00)00142-6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schoenecker, T. S., & Cooper, A. C. (1998). The role of firm resources and organizational attributes in determining entry timing: a cross-industry study. Strategic Management Journal, 19(12), 1127–1143. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(1998120)19:12<1127::AID-SMJ7>3.0.CO;2-4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwab, S. J. (1993). Life-cycle justice: accommodating just cause and employment at will. Michigan Law Review, 92(1), 8–62. doi:10.2307/1289641.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shrader, R., & Siegel, D. S. (2007). Assessing the relationship between human capital and firm performance: evidence from technology-based new ventures. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31(6), 893–908. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6520.2007.00206.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silverman, B. S. (1999). Technological resources and the direction of corporate diversification: toward an integration of the resource-based view and transaction cost economics. Management Science, 45(8), 1109–1124. doi:10.1287/mnsc.45.8.1109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stuart, T. E. (2000). Interorganizational alliances and the performance of firms: a study of growth and innovation rates in a high-technology industry. Strategic Management Journal, 21(8), 791–811. doi:10.1002/1097-0266(200008)21:8<791::AID-SMJ121>3.0.CO;2-K.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Subramaniam, M., & Youndt, M. A. (2005). The influence of intellectual capital on the types of innovative capabilities. Academy of Management Journal, 48(3), 450–463. doi:10.5465/AMJ.2005.17407911.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tan, Y., Huang, H., & Lu, H. (2013). The effect of venture capital investment—evidence from China’s small and medium-sized enterprises board. Journal of Small Business Management, 51(1), 138–157. doi:10.1111/j.1540-627X.2012.00379.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taymaz, E., & Özler, S. (2007). Foreign ownership, competition, and survival dynamics. Review of Industrial Organization, 31(1), 23–42. doi:10.1007/s11151-007-9144-x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teece, D. J. (1986). Profiting from technological innovation: Implications for integration, collaboration, licensing and public policy. Research Policy, 15(6), 285–305. doi:10.1016/0048-7333(86)90027-2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teece, D. J. (1998). Capturing value from knowledge assets: the new economy, markets for know-how, and intangible assets. California Management Review, 40(3), 55–79. doi:10.2307/41165943.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., & Shuen, A. (1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal, 18(7), 509–533. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199708)18:7<509::AID-SMJ882>3.0.CO;2-Z.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tripsas, M. (1997). Unraveling the process of creative destruction: complementary assets and incumbent survival in the typesetter industry. Strategic Management Journal, 18, 119–142. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199707)18:1+<119::AID-SMJ921>3.0.CO;2-0.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsoukas, S. (2011). Firm survival and financial development: evidence from a panel of emerging Asian economies. Journal of Banking & Finance, 35(7), 1736–1752. doi:10.1016/j.jbankfin.2010.12.008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ughetto, E. (2008). Does internal finance matter for R&D? New evidence from a panel of Italian firms. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 32(6), 907–925. doi:10.1093/cje/ben015.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ugur, M., Trushin, E., & Solomon, E. (2016). Inverted-U relationship between R&D intensity and survival: evidence on scale and complementarity effects in UK data. Research Policy, 45(7), 1474–1492. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2016.04.007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vinig, T., & Bossink, B. (2015). China’s indigenous innovation approach: the emergence of Chinese innovation theory? Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 27(6), 621–627. doi:10.1080/09537325.2015.1036537.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vogt, S. C. (1994). The role of internal financial sources in firm financing and investment decisions. Review of Financial Economics, 4(1), 1–24. doi:10.1016/1058-3300(94)90002-7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wernerfelt, B. (1984). A resource-based view of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 5(2), 171–180. doi:10.1002/smj.4250050207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Youndt, M. A., Snell, S. A., Dean, J. W., & Lepak, D. P. (1996). Human resource management, manufacturing strategy, and firm performance. Academy of Management Journal, 39(4), 836–866. doi:10.2307/256714.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang M., & Mohnen, P. Innovation and survival of new firms in Chinese manufacturing, 2000–2006. UNU-MERIT Working Paper Series 057; 2013.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chun Yang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Yang, C., Bossink, B. & Peverelli, P. High-tech start-up firm survival originating from a combined use of internal resources. Small Bus Econ 49, 799–824 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-017-9858-6

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-017-9858-6

Keywords

JEL classifications

Navigation