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Long term evolution of fisheries in a coastal lagoon related to changes in lagoon ecology and human pressures

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Abstract

Mediterranean coastal lagoons are among the most productive of marine ecosystems but, at the same time, they are strongly affected by anthropogenic pressures that could alter their fisheries. This work looks at how the Mar Menor coastal lagoon fishery evolved from the eighteenth century to 2012, and provides data about landings, effort and gears. The relationships between fishing yields and the environmental consequences of the most important human activities in the lagoon (including the dredging and widening of inlets in the last two centuries and eutrophication episodes in the 1990s) are examined using uni- and multi-variate analysis. While mean total yield tended to remain constant, significant changes in the specific composition of the catch and in the dominance of the main target species have occurred. The lagoon seems to have the ability to support a wide range of pressures and environmental changes, since it has been seen to recover each time from specific human impacts, maintaining the fishery yields close to the total maximum sustainable yield. However, other factors, like climate change or the spread of aquaculture exploitations, may have overlapping effects, introducing long term trends in the fisheries concerned.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the fishermen, the Fishermen’s Association of San Pedro del Pinatar, and the Administration of the Region of Murcia for facilitating the search of different data and information used in this work. Part of this study was made in the context of the OOCMUR project funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the Regional Government of Murcia (Consejería de Universidades, Empresa e Investigación), and the PEPLAN project of the Regional Government of Murcia (Consejería de Universidades, Empresa e Investigación) “Sistema de Monitorización Costera para el Mar Menor” (Plan de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Región de Murcia 2007–2010). One of the authors was supported by a grant (APR, 18869/EE/13) for research stays of the Jiménez de la Espada mobility, cooperation and internationalization program of the Seneca Foundation in the framework of the Plan de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación de la Región de Murcia (2011–2014).

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  1. Department of Ecology and Hidrology, Faculty of Biology, Espinardo, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain

    Concepción Marcos, Antonio López-Capel & Angel Pérez-Ruzafa

  2. Grupo de Desarrollo Pesquero del Levante Almeriense, carretera de Bédar km 0.3, 04280, Almería, Spain

    Inmaculada Torres

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  1. Concepción Marcos
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Correspondence to Concepción Marcos.

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Figure 1

Location of the Mar Menor lagoon, representing its catchment area and main watercourses discharging into the lagoon and the main inlets communicating the lagoon and the Mediterranean (EPS 17794 kb)

Figure 2

Relationship between the number of fishers (white dots) and the number of gears (dark dots) regarding the number of boats fishing in the Mar Menor (EPS 488 kb)

Figure 3

Comparation of the mean values of the main fishery parameters for each period, before and after the opening or enlargement of the El Charco and El Estacio Inlets. a) total catch in the different Mar Menor and Mediterranean fishing grounds and CPUE in the Mar Menor lagoon, b) number of species in the catch in the Mar Menor ground, in the Mediterranean or caught in both. c) Number of boats and fishers. Periods in grey correspond to those included in the PERMANOVA analysis (EPS 445 kb)

Figure 4

Evolution of mean annual air temperature (a) and catch of the main target species in the Mar Menor from 1945 to 2012. A inflexion in the temperature trends took place in 1972 (EPS 1331 kb)

Supplementary material 5 (DOC 442 kb)

Supplementary material 6 (DOCX 32 kb)

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Marcos, C., Torres, I., López-Capel, A. et al. Long term evolution of fisheries in a coastal lagoon related to changes in lagoon ecology and human pressures. Rev Fish Biol Fisheries 25, 689–713 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-015-9397-7

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