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Application of physico-chemical pretreatment methods to enhance the sludge disintegration and subsequent anaerobic digestion: an up to date review

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Abstract

Anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge (WAS) is most commonly used at wastewater treatment facilities to stabilize the sludge. However, poor biodegradation efficiency of sludge and longer retention times (20–30 days) are the major limitations of anaerobic digestion method, which can be overcome by disintegrate the sludge and make intracellular material readily available to anaerobic biodegradation. Several sludge disintegration techniques (Thermal, chemical and mechanical) and their combinations were studied previously in order to improve the anaerobic digestibility of sludge, reduce the sludge retention time and enhance the production of biogas. However, none of the pretreatment technique shows a real breakthrough in enhancement of anaerobic digestibility of WAS due to associated drawbacks, such as high operational and capital cost, poor sanitization and energy intensive. On the other hand, hybrid pretreatment techniques endow with promising outcomes through neutralizing the associated drawbacks with individual pretreatment techniques. Nevertheless, the research on the application of hybrid pretreatment techniques is in its infant stage, presently. Therefore, the satisfactory research in this direction can lead to policy maker and environmental protection agency to select more robust and sustainable solution for sludge treatment. This review encompasses the up-to-date information about the thermal, chemical and mechanical sludge disintegration techniques (principle, performance at lab, pilot and full scale, advantages and disadvantages). A comparative evaluation of these techniques are also presented in terms of COD solubilization, dewaterability, pathogens removal, lab/pilot/full scale application, capital and, operation and maintenance cost involved and energy requirement.

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Abbreviations

COD:

Chemical oxygen demand

CST:

Capillary suction time

DOC:

Dissolved organic carbon

DS:

Dry solids

EPS:

Extracellular polymeric substances

HPH:

High pressure homogenizer

HRT:

Hydraulic retention time

MW:

Microwave

PAH:

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

PCB:

Polychlorinated biphenyl

RPM:

Rotations per minute

SRF:

Specific resistance to filtration

SRT:

Sludge retention time

SVI:

Sludge volume index

TOC:

Total organic carbon

TS:

Total solids

TSS:

Total suspended solids

VS:

Volatile solids

VSS:

Volatile suspended solids

WAS:

Waste activated sludge

WWTP:

Wastewater treatment plants

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the National Taiwan University for financially supporting this research under Contract No. 99R40044.

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  1. Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71, Chou-Shan Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China

    Vinay Kumar Tyagi & Shang-Lien Lo

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Tyagi, V.K., Lo, SL. Application of physico-chemical pretreatment methods to enhance the sludge disintegration and subsequent anaerobic digestion: an up to date review. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 10, 215–242 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-011-9244-9

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