Skip to main content
Log in

Utility of a patient-reported outcome in measuring functional impairment during autologous stem cell transplant in patients with multiple myeloma

  • Published:
Quality of Life Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

We aimed to determine the utility of a patient-reported outcome (PRO) as it relates to patient performed testing (PPT) for measuring functional status in multiple myeloma patients after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HCT).

Methods

Symptom interference on walking (a PRO) was measured by the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI). PPT was assessed via 6-min walk test (6MWT). Mixed effects modeling was used to examine (1) the longitudinal relationship between the MDASI score and 6MWT distance and (2) the MDASI scores between patients who did or did not complete the 6WMT. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to quantify the construct validity of the PRO by differentiating performance status.

Results

Seventy-nine patients were included. Mean 6MWT distance significantly correlated with MDASI-walking interference score (PRO) over the first month of auto-HCT (est = 6.09, p = 0.006). There was a significantly higher completion rate for MDASI versus 6MWT at each time point (p < 0.01). Patients who completed the 6MWT reported less interference on walking during the study period (est = 1.61, p < 0.0001). Finally, the PRO demonstrated significant construct validity for measuring functioning status with MDASI-walking against ECOG-PS as the anchor (AUC = 0.77, 95% CI 0.60–0.94, p = 0.003).

Conclusion

The PRO of MDASI-walking interference is a valid physical functioning measure, correlating with an objective functional measure (6MWT) in MM patients undergoing auto-HCT. As patients with poorer functional status during therapy are less likely to complete PPT, this PRO may offer a more practical quantitative measure of functioning in patients.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Deshpande, P. R., Rajan, S., Sudeepthi, B. L., & Abdul Nazir, C. P. (2011). Patient-reported outcomes: A new era in clinical research. Perspectives in Clinical Research, 2(4), 137–144.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Kotronoulas, G., Kearney, N., Maguire, R., Harrow, A., Di Domenico, D., Croy, S., & MacGillivray, S. (2014). What is the value of the routine use of patient-reported outcome measures toward improvement of patient outcomes, processes of care, and health service outcomes in cancer care? A systematic review of controlled trials. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 32(14), 1480–1501.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Barney, B. J., Wang, X. S., Lu, C., Liao, Z., Johnson, V. E., Cleeland, C. S., & Mendoza, T. R. (2013). Prognostic value of patient-reported symptom interference in patients with late-stage lung cancer. Quality of Life Research, 22(8), 2143–2150.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Penson, R. T., Huang, H. Q., Wenzel, L. B., Monk, B. J., Stockman, S., Long, H. J., 3rd, Ramondetta, L. M., Landrum, L. M., Oaknin, A., Reid, T. J., Leitao, M. M., Method, M., Michael, H., & Tewari, K. S. (2015). Bevacizumab for advanced cervical cancer: patient-reported outcomes of a randomised, phase 3 trial (NRG Oncology-Gynecologic Oncology Group protocol 240). The Lancet Oncology, 16(3), 301–311.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Mesa, R. A., Gotlib, J., Gupta, V., Catalano, J. V., Deininger, M. W., Shields, A. L., Miller, C. B., Silver, R. T., Talpaz, M., Winton, E. F., Harvey, J. H., Hare, T., Erickson-Viitanen, S., Sun, W., Sandor, V., Levy, R. S., Kantarjian, H. M., & Verstovsek, S. (2013). Effect of ruxolitinib therapy on myelofibrosis-related symptoms and other patient-reported outcomes in COMFORT-I: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 31(10), 1285–1292.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Tefferi, A., Hudgens, S., Mesa, R., Gale, R. P., Verstovsek, S., Passamonti, F., Cervantes, F., Rivera, C., Tencer, T., & Khan, Z. M. (2014). Use of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—Anemia in persons with myeloproliferative neoplasm-associated myelofibrosis and anemia. Clinical Therapeutics, 36(4), 560–566.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Wang, X. S., Shi, Q., Shah, N. D., Heijnen, C. J., Cohen, E. N., Reuben, J. M., Orlowski, R. Z., Qazilbash, M. H., Johnson, V. E., Williams, L. A., Mendoza, T. R., & Cleeland, C. S. (2014). Inflammatory markers and development of symptom burden in patients with multiple myeloma during autologous stem cell transplantation. Clinical Cancer Research, 20(5), 1366–1374.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Lee, S. J. (2004). Patient-reported outcomes in multiple myeloma. Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, 2(4), 379–383.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. King, T. A., King, M. T., & White, K. J. (2017). Patient reported outcomes in optimizing myeloma patients’ health-related quality of life. Seminars in Oncology Nursing, 33(3), 299–315.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Wang, X. S., Shi, Q., Williams, L. A., Shah, N. D., Mendoza, T. R., Cohen, E. N., Reuben, J. M., Cleeland, C. S., & Orlowski, R. Z. (2015). Longitudinal analysis of patient-reported symptoms post-autologous stem cell transplant and their relationship to inflammation in patients with multiple myeloma. Leukemia & Lymphoma, 56(5), 1335–1341.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Richardson, P. G., Barlogie, B., Berenson, J., Singhal, S., Jagannath, S., Irwin, D., Rajkumar, S. V., Srkalovic, G., Alsina, M., Alexanian, R., Siegel, D., Orlowski, R. Z., Kuter, D., Limentani, S. A., Lee, S., Hideshima, T., Esseltine, D. L., Kauffman, M., Adams, J., Schenkein, D. P., & Anderson, K. C. (2003). A phase 2 study of bortezomib in relapsed, refractory myeloma. New England Journal of Medicine, 348(26), 2609–2617.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Cleeland, C. S., Mendoza, T. R., Wang, X. S., Chou, C., Harle, M. T., Morrissey, M., & Engstrom, M. C. (2000). Assessing symptom distress in cancer patients: the M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory. Cancer, 89(7), 1634–1646.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Shi, Q., Wang, X. S., Vaporciyan, A. A., Rice, D. C., Popat, K. U., & Cleeland, C. S. (2016). Patient-reported symptom interference as a measure of postsurgery functional recovery in lung cancer. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 52, 822–831

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Jones, D., Zhao, F., Fisch, M. J., Wagner, L. I., Patrick-Miller, L. J., Cleeland, C. S., & Mendoza, T. R. (2014). The validity and utility of the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory in patients with prostate cancer: evidence from the Symptom Outcomes and Practice Patterns (SOAPP) data from the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Clinical Genitourinary Cancer, 12(1), 41–49.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Jones, D., Vichaya, E. G., Wang, X. S., Williams, L. A., Shah, N. D., Thomas, S. K., Johnson, V. E., Champlin, R. E., Cleeland, C. S., & Mendoza, T. R. (2013). Validation of the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory multiple myeloma module. Journal of Hematology & Oncology, 6, 13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Overcash, J. (2015). Assessing the functional status of older cancer patients in an ambulatory care visit. Healthcare, 3(3), 846–859.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Miyamoto, S., Nagaya, N., Satoh, T., Kyotani, S., Sakamaki, F., Fujita, M., Nakanishi, N., & Miyatake, K. (2000). Clinical correlates and prognostic significance of six-minute walk test in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Comparison with cardiopulmonary exercise testing. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 161(2 Pt 1), 487–492.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Ko, V., Naylor, J. M., Harris, I. A., Crosbie, J., & Yeo, A. E. (2013). The six-minute walk test is an excellent predictor of functional ambulation after total knee arthroplasty. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 14, 145.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Jones, L. W., Devlin, S. M., Maloy, M. A., Wood, W. A., Tuohy, S., Espiritu, N., Aquino, J., Kendig, T., Michalski, M. G., Gyurkocza, B., Schaffer, W. L., Ali, B., Giralt, S., & Jakubowski, A. A. (2015). Prognostic importance of pretransplant functional capacity after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. The Oncologist, 20(11), 1290–1297.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Shah, N., Shi, Q., Williams, L. A., Mendoza, T. R., Wang, X. S., Reuben, J. M., Dougherty, P. M., Bashir, Q., Qazilbash, M. H., Champlin, R. E., Cleeland, C. S., & Giralt, S. A. (2016). Higher stem cell dose infusion after intensive chemotherapy does not improve symptom burden in older patients with multiple myeloma and amyloidosis. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, 22(2), 226–231.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Castel, L. D., Abernethy, A. P., Li, Y., Depuy, V., Saville, B. R., & Hartmann, K. E. (2007). Hazards for pain severity and pain interference with daily living, with exploration of brief pain inventory cutpoints, among women with metastatic breast cancer. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 34(4), 380–392.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Oken, M. M., Creech, R. H., Tormey, D. C., Horton, J., Davis, T. E., McFadden, E. T., & Carbone, P. P. (1982). Toxicity and response criteria of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. American Journal of Clinical Oncology, 5(6), 649–655.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Terwee, C. B., Bot, S. D., de Boer, M. R., van der Windt, D. A., Knol, D. L., Dekker, J., Bouter, L. M., & de Vet, H. C. (2007). Quality criteria were proposed for measurement properties of health status questionnaires. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 60(1), 34–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Shi, Q., Mendoza, T. R., Wang, X. S., & Cleeland, C. S. (2016). Using a symptom-specific instrument to measure patient-reported daily functioning in patients with cancer. European Journal of Cancer, 67, 83–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Wood, W. A., Le-Rademacher, J., Syrjala, K. L., Jim, H., Jacobsen, P. B., Knight, J. M., Abidi, M. H., Wingard, J. R., Majhail, N. S., Geller, N. L., Rizzo, J. D., Fei, M., Wu, J., Horowitz, M. M., & Lee, S. J. (2016). Patient-reported physical functioning predicts the success of hematopoietic cell transplantation (BMT CTN 0902). Cancer, 122(1), 91–98.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Sorror, M. L., Maris, M. B., Storb, R., Baron, F., Sandmaier, B. M., Maloney, D. G., & Storer, B. (2005). Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT)-specific comorbidity index: a new tool for risk assessment before allogeneic HCT. Blood, 106(8), 2912–2919.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Jones, L. W., Hornsby, W. E., Goetzinger, A., Forbes, L. M., Sherrard, E. L., Quist, M., Lane, A. T., West, M., Eves, N. D., Gradison, M., Coan, A., Herndon, J. E., & Abernethy, A. P. (2012). Prognostic significance of functional capacity and exercise behavior in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer, 76(2), 248–252.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Baumann, F. T., Kraut, L., Schule, K., Bloch, W., & Fauser, A. A. (2010). A controlled randomized study examining the effects of exercise therapy on patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplantation, 45(2), 355–362.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Dimeo, F., Fetscher, S., Lange, W., Mertelsmann, R., & Keul, J. (1997). Effects of aerobic exercise on the physical performance and incidence of treatment-related complications after high-dose chemotherapy. Blood, 90(9), 3390–3394.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Izano, M., Satariano, W. A., Hiatt, R. A., & Braithwaite, D. (2013). The impact of functional limitations on long-term outcomes among African-American and white women with breast cancer: a cohort study. British Medical Journal Open, 3(10), e003232.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported in part by the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health through The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center’s Cancer Center Support Grant, P30 CA016672 (PI: RA DePinho) and program project P01 CA124787 (PI: Charles S. Cleeland).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nina Shah.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The MD Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI) is copyrighted and licensed by The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and by Charles S. Cleeland. The authors declare no other conflicts of interest in this work.

Ethical Approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study was approved by the M.D. Anderson Institutional Review Board.

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

11136_2017_1759_MOESM1_ESM.pdf

Supplementary Figure 1. Example of MDASI daily symptom interference on module. Question 25 (red arrow) asked patients to rate interference with “walking” on a 0-10 scale (PDF 15 KB)

11136_2017_1759_MOESM2_ESM.tif

Supplementary Figure 2. Kaplan-Meier analysis of overall survival, comparing patients who were able to perform the 6MWT versus those who were not at 5 days after auto-HCT. There was no significant difference in median overall survival between these groups (TIF 24917 KB)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Shah, N., Shi, Q., Giralt, S. et al. Utility of a patient-reported outcome in measuring functional impairment during autologous stem cell transplant in patients with multiple myeloma. Qual Life Res 27, 979–985 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1759-2

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1759-2

Keywords

Navigation