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Cross-cultural evaluation of the French version of the LEIPAD, a health-related quality of life instrument for use in the elderly living at home

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Abstract

Purpose

To cross-culturally adapt a French version of the LEIPAD, a self-administered questionnaire assessing the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adults aged 65 years and over living at home, and to evaluate its psychometric properties.

Methods

After having translated LEIPAD in accordance with guidelines, we studied psychometric properties: reliability and construct validity—factor analysis, relationships between items and scales, internal consistency, concurrent validity with the Medical Outcome Study Short-Form 36 and known-groups validity.

Results

The results obtained in a sample of 195 elderly from the general population showed very good acceptability, with response rates superior to 93 %. Exploratory factor analysis extracted eight factors providing a multidimensionality structure with five misclassifications of items in the seven theoretical scales. Good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha ranging from 0.73 and 0.86) and strong test–retest reliability (ICCs higher than 0.80 for six scales and 0.70 for one) were demonstrated. Concurrent validity with the SF-36 showed small to strong expected correlations.

Conclusion

This first evaluation of the French version of LEIPAD’s psychometric properties provides evidence in construct validity and reliability. It would allow HRQoL assessment in clinical and common practice, and investigators would be able to take part in national and international research projects.

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Abbreviations

HRQoL:

Health-related quality of life

QoL:

Quality of life

ICC:

Intraclass correlation coefficient

SF-36:

Short-Form 36

PF:

‘Physical Function’ LEIPAD’ scale

SC:

‘Self-Care’ LEIPAD’ scale

DA:

‘Depression and Anxiety’ LEIPAD’ scale

CF:

‘Cognitive Functioning’ LEIPAD’ scale

SF:

‘Social Functioning’ LEIPAD’ scale

SX:

‘Sexual Functioning’ LEIPAD’ scale

LF:

‘Life Satisfaction’ LEIPAD’ scale

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand and the “Groupement Régional de Santé Publique Auvergne” for financial support as well as the four town councils and the persons who participated in this study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Service de Psychiatrie de l’Adulte A et Psychologie médicale, Pôle de Psychiatrie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63003, Clermont-Ferrand, France

    I. Jalenques, R. Tourtauchaux, R. May & E. Vaille-Perret

  2. Centre Mémoire Ressources Recherche, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63003, Clermont-Ferrand, France

    I. Jalenques

  3. UFR Médecine, Clermont Université, Université d’Auvergne Clermont 1, Equipe d’Accueil 3845, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France

    I. Jalenques

  4. Santé Publique, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63058, Clermont-Ferrand, France

    C. Auclair & L. Gerbaud

  5. Service de Psychaitrie et Psychologie médicale, Pôle de Psychiatrie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63003, Clermont-Ferrand, France

    J. Roblin

  6. Direction de la Recherche Clinique, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63003, Clermont-Ferrand, France

    D. Morand

  7. Département d’anglais, UFR Médecine, Clermont Université, Université d’Auvergne Clermont 1, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France

    J. Watts

  8. UFR Médecine, Clermont Université, Université d’Auvergne Clermont 1, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France

    L. Gerbaud

  9. Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

    D. De Leo

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  1. I. Jalenques
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  2. C. Auclair
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  3. J. Roblin
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  4. D. Morand
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  6. R. May
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  7. E. Vaille-Perret
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  8. J. Watts
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  9. L. Gerbaud
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  10. D. De Leo
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to I. Jalenques.

Additional information

I. Jalenques and C. Auclair contributed equally to this work.

Appendix

Appendix

Questionnaire LEIPAD

L’instrument doit être auto-administré en suivant l’ordre des numéros indiqué pour chaque item. Toutes les questions font référence à la situation actuelle.

Echelles principales (31 items)

A. Fonction physique

  1. 1.

    Comment qualifierez-vous votre état de santé global?

  2. 6.

    Avez-vous des problèmes de sommeil?

  3. 7.

    Vous sentez-vous fatigué(e), sans énergie?

  4. 9.

    Etes-vous capable d’effectuer vos tâches quotidiennes que ce soit chez vous, au travail, ou ailleurs?

  5. 12.

    Vos problèmes de santé, si vous avez, vous empêchent-ils de faire ce que vous voulez?

B. Prendre soin de soi

  1. 2.

    Etes-vous capable de monter et de descendre les escaliers sans aide?

  2. 3.

    Etes-vous capable de vous habiller entièrement seul(e)?

  3. 4.

    Etes-vous capable de manger sans aide?

  4. 5.

    Etes-vous capable de prendre un bain ou une douche sans aide?

  5. 10.

    Pouvez-vous faire vos courses seul(e)?

  6. 11.

    Pouvez-vous prendre les transports en commun?

C. Dépression et Anxiété

  1. 17.

    Globalement, vous sentez-vous anxieux(se)?

  2. 18.

    Votre anxiété, si vous êtres anxieux(se), vous empêche-t-elle de faire ce que vous voulez?

  3. 19.

    Globalement, vous sentez-vous déprimé(e)?

  4. 20.

    Cette dépression, si vous êtres déprimé(e), vous empêche-t-elle de faire ce que vous voulez?

D. Fonctionnement cognitif

  1. 8.

    Avez-vous des difficultés à vous concentrer?

  2. 13.

    Vous arrive-t-il de ne pas pouvoir penser clairement ou d’être embrouillé(e)?

  3. 14.

    Vos difficultés pour réfléchir, si vous en avez, vous empêchent-elles de faire ce que vous voulez?

  4. 15.

    Avez-vous une bonne mémoire?

  5. 16.

    Vos problèmes de mémoire, si vous en avez, vous empêchent-ils de faire ce que vous voulez?

E. Fonctionnement social

  1. 21.

    Etes-vous satisfait(e) de vos contacts sociaux ou de vos relations avec les autres?

  2. 22.

    Vous sentez-vous heureux(se) dans vos relations avec les autres personnes?

  3. 23.

    Avez-vous quelqu’un à qui parler de problèmes personnels quand vous le souhaitez?

F. Fonctionnement sexuel

  1. 24.

    Etes-vous intéressé(e) par la sexualité?

  2. 25.

    Avez-vous desrelations sexuelles?

G. Satisfaction de vie

  1. 26.

    Etes-vous satisfait(e) de la façon dont vous parvenez à organiser vos passe-temps ou vos loisirs?

  2. 27.

    Etes-vous satisfait(e) de votre situation financière?

  3. 28.

    Avez-vous l’impression de ne pas pouvoir vous permettre le niveau de vie dont vous auriez envie?

  4. 29.

    Etes-vous satisfait(e) de votre vie actuelle, si vous la comparez au passé?

  5. 30.

    Tout compte fait, comment voyez-vous les choses pour l’avenir?

  6. 31.

    Votre idée de l’avenir vous empêche-t-elle de faire ou d’entreprendre ce que vous voulez?

Modérateurs (18 items)

A. Troubles de la personnalité perçus

  1. 39.

    Avez-vous le sentiment que l’on ne peut pas avoir confiance dans la plupart des gens?

  2. 45.

    «Ces dernières années, je suis souvent gêné(e) par les difficultés que je rencontre dans mes rapports avec les autres».

  3. 46.

    «Ces dernières années, je me sens mal à l’aise d’être comme je suis».

  4. 47.

    «Ces dernières années, mon comportement m’a souvent attiré(e) des ennuis au travail, chez moi ou ailleurs».

  5. 48.

    «Ces dernières années, les gens semblent gênés par ce que je fais ou ce que je dis».

  6. 49.

    «Je n’ai pas réalisé tout ce que j’aurais souhaité à cause de mon caractère».

B. Colère, rancune et Irritabilité

  1. 32.

    Je me sens facilement contrarié(e) ou irrité(e).

  2. 33.

    J’ai des accès de colère que je ne peux pas contrôler.

  3. 34.

    Je me dispute avec les autres.

  4. 35.

    J’ai tendance à être rancunier(ière).

C. Désirabilité sociale

  1. 42.

    «Je suis toujours prêt(e) à me donner du mal pour aider les autres».

  2. 43.

    «J’aime bien de temps en temps faire la causette».

  3. 44.

    «Par moments, j’ai été jaloux(se) de la chance des autres».

D. Foi en Dieu

  1. 40.

    Croyez-vous en un Dieu ou un être supérieur?

  2. 41.

    Si oui, cette croyance vous apporte-t-elle un réconfort ou un soutien?

E. Estime de soi

  1. 36.

    Tout compte fait, avez-vous le sentiment d’être inférieur(e) aux autres?

  2. 37.

    Evitez-vous de faire des choses parce que vous vous sentez inférieur(e)?

  3. 38.

    «J’ai tendance à avoir une opinion négative de moi-même».

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Jalenques, I., Auclair, C., Roblin, J. et al. Cross-cultural evaluation of the French version of the LEIPAD, a health-related quality of life instrument for use in the elderly living at home. Qual Life Res 22, 509–520 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-012-0166-y

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