Skip to main content
Log in

Unemployment hysteresis in Australia: evidence using nonlinear and stationarity tests with breaks

  • Published:
Quality & Quantity Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study is an attempt to test the hysteresis versus the natural rate hypothesis in unemployment rate using time series data of the Australia covering the period 1978: 2–2010:12. For the analysis, we employed nonlinear as well as different linear tests (with incorporation of endogenously determined structural breaks) of unit root. We found that the Australian unemployment rate is nonlinear process, has a partial unit root and trend reverting. Therefore, we provide support for the structuralist hypothesis. This finding provides the importance of accounting for exogenous shocks in the series and gives support to the shifting natural-rate hypothesis of the Australian unemployment rate.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alogoskoufis G.S., Manning A.: On the persistence of unemployment. Econ. Policy 7, 428–469 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  • Andrews D.: Tests for parameter instability and structural change with unknown change point. Econometrica 61, 821–856 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blanchard, O., Summers, L.: Hysteresis and the European unemployment problem. In: Fischer, S. (ed.) NBER Macroeconomics Annual, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA (1986)

  • Blanchard O., Wolfers J.: The role of shocks and institutions in the rise of European unemployment: the aggregate evidence. Econ. J. 110, C1–C33 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brunello G.: Hysteresis and the Japanese unemployment problem: a preliminary investigation. Oxf. Econ. Pap. 42, 483–500 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cancelo J.R.: Cyclical asymmetries in unemployment rates: international evidence. Int. Adv. Econ. Res. 13, 334–346 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caner M., Hansen B.E.: Threshold autoregression with a unit root. Econometrica 69, 1555–1596 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caporale G.M., Gil-Alana L.A.: Nonlinearities and fractional integration in the us unemployment rate. Oxf. Bull. Econ. Stat. 69, 521–544 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dickey D.A., Fuller W.A.: Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 74, 27–431 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedman M.: The role of monetary policy. Am. Econ. Rev. 58, 1–17 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghosh D., Dutt S.: Nonstationarity and nonlinearity in the us unemployment rate: a re-examination. J. Econ. Educ. 8, 43–53 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray D.: Persistent regional unemployment differentials revisited. Reg. Stud. 38, 167–176 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gustavsson M., P.: Hysteresis and non-linearities in unemployment rates. Appl. Econ. Lett. 13, 545–548 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kapetanios G.: Unit-root testing against the alternative hypothesis of up to m structural breaks. J. Time Ser. Anal. 26, 123–133 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kapetanios G., Shin Y., Snell A.: Testing for a unit root in the nonlinear star framework. J. Econom. 112, 359–379 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kwiatkowski D., Phillips P.C.B., Schmidt P., Shin Y.: Testing the null hypothesis of stationarity against the alternative of a unit root. J. Econom. 54, 159–178 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Layard, R., Nickell, S., Jackman, R.: Unemployment, Macroeconomic Performance and the Labour Market. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1991)

  • Lee J., Strazicich M.C.: Break point estimation and spurious rejections with endogenous unit root tests. Oxf. Bull. Econ. Stat. 63, 535–558 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee J., Strazicich M.C.: Minimum Lagrange multiplier unit root test with two structural breaks. Rev. Econ. Stat. 85, 1082–1089 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, J., Strazicich, M.C.: Minimum l m Unit Root Test with One Structural Break. Department of Economics, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC (2004)

  • Lumsdaine R.L., Papell D.H.: Multiple trend breaks and the unit-root hypothesis. Rev. Econ. Stat. 79, 212–218 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Madsen, J., Mishra, V., Smyth, R.: Are labour force participation rates non-stationary? Evidence from 130 years for G7 countries. Aust. Econ. Pap. 47, 166–189 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • Narayan P.K., Popp S.: A new unit root test with two structural breaks in level and slope at unknown time. J. Appl. Stat. 37, 1425–1438 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Newey, W.K., West, K.D.: A simple, positive semi-definite, heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation consistent covariance matrix. Econometrica 55, 703–708 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ng S., Perron P.: Lag length selection and the construction of unit root tests with good size and power. Econometrica 69, 1519–1554 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nunes L.C., Newbold P., Kuan C.M.: Testing for unit roots with breaks: evidence on the great crash and the unit root hypothesis reconsidered. Oxf. Bull. Econ. Stat. 59, 435–448 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oswald, A.: Low real oil prices not a new paradigm. Warwick University, mimeo (1999)

  • Peel D.A., Speight A.E.H.: The nonlinear time series properties of unemployment rates: some further evidence. Appl. Econ. 30, 287–294 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peel D.A., Speight A.E.H.: Threshold nonlinearities in unemployment rates: further evidence for the UK and G3 economies. Appl. Econ. 32, 705–715 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perron P.: The great crash, the oil price shock and the unit root hypothesis. Econometrica 57, 1361–1401 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phelps E.S.: Phillips curves, expectations of inflation and optimal unemployment over time. Economica 34, 254–281 (1967)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phelps E.S.: Money-wage dynamics and labor-market equilibrium. J. Political Econ. 76, 678–711 (1968)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phelps E.S.: Behind this structural boom: the role of asset valuations. Am. Econ. Rev. 89, 63–68 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips P.C.B., Perron P.: Testing for a unit root in time series regression. Biometrika 75, 335–346 (1988)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pissarides, C.: Equilibrium Unemployment Theory. Basil Blackwell, Oxford (1990)

  • Popp S.: New innovational outlier unit root test with a break at an unknown time. J. Stat. Comput. Simul. 78, 1143–1159 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Røed K.: Unemployment hysteresis and the natural rate of vacancies. Empir. Econ. 27, 687–704 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sessions J.G.: Unemployment stigma and multiple labour market equilibria: a social-psychological explanation of hysteresis. Labour 8, 355–375 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tiwari, A.K.: On the dynamics of energy consumption, CO2 emissions and economic growth: evidence from India. Indian Econ. Rev. 47(1), 57–87 (2012a)

  • Tiwari, A.K.: An error-correction analysis of India-US trade flows. J Econ. Dev. 37(1), 29–51 (2012b)

  • Ucar N., Omay T.: Testing for unit root in nonlinear heterogeneous panels. Econ. Lett. 104, 5–8 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vogelsang, T., Perron, P.: Additional tests for a unit root allowing for a break in the trend function at an unknown time. Int. Rev. Econ 39(4), 1073–1100 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yilanci V.: Are unemployment rates nonstationary or nonlinear? Evidence from 19 OECD countries. Econ. Bull. 3, 1–5 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zivot E., Andrews D.W.K.: Further evidence on the great crash, the oil-price shock, and the unit-root hypothesis. J. Bus. Econ. Stat. 10, 251–270 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Aviral Kumar Tiwari.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Tiwari, A.K. Unemployment hysteresis in Australia: evidence using nonlinear and stationarity tests with breaks. Qual Quant 48, 681–695 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-012-9795-z

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-012-9795-z

Keywords

Navigation