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A Retrospective Study in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: Diabetic Risk Factor Response to Daily Consumption of Agaricus bisporus (White Button Mushrooms)

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Abstract

Adults with metabolic syndrome from different race/ethnicities are often predisposed to developing type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, growing evidence suggests that healthy diets and lifestyle choices can significantly slow or prevent progression to T2D. This poorly understood relationship to healthy dietary patterns and prevention of T2D motivated us to conduct a retrospective analysis to determine the potential impact of a minor dietary lifestyle change (daily mushroom consumption) on known T2D risk factors in racially diverse adults with confirmed features of the metabolic syndrome. Retrospectively, we studied 37 subjects who had participated in a dietary intervention focused on vitamin D bioavailability from white button mushrooms (WBM). All 37 had previously completed a 16-week study where they consumed 100 g of WBM daily and were then followed-up for one month during which no mushrooms were consumed. We analyzed differences in serum risk factors from baseline to 16-week, and from baseline to one-month follow-up. Measurement of serum diabetic risk factors included inflammatory and oxidative stress markers and the antioxidant component naturally rich in mushrooms, ergothioneine. Significant beneficial health effects were observed at 16-week with the doubling of ergothioneine from baseline, increases in the antioxidant marker ORAC (oxygen radical absorption capacity) and anti-inflammatory hormone, adiponectin and significant decreases in serum oxidative stress inducing factors, carboxymethyllysine (CML) and methylglyoxal (MG), but no change in the lipid oxidative stress marker 8-isoprostane, leptin or measures of insulin resistance or glucose metabolism. We conclude that WBM contain a variety of compounds with potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant health benefits that can occur with frequent consumption over time in adults predisposed to T2D. Well-controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings and identify the specific mushroom components beneficial to health.

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Abbreviations

AGE:

Advanced glycation end product

CVD:

Cardiovascular disease

vitamin D2 :

Ergocalciferol

25OHD:

25-hydroxyvitamin D

MG:

Methylglyoxal derivatives

CML:

Nε –carboxymethyl-lysine

ORAC:

Oxygen radical absorbance capacity

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

OS:

Oxidative stress factors

T2D:

Type 2 diabetes

WBM:

White button mushrooms

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Acknowledgments

We wish to acknowledge the dedication and participation of our study participants who diligently adhered to the protocol for the full 20 weeks of study.

Author contributions

JU, MSC and RBB designed the research; JU and AM conducted the research; MDK, WL and GBC performed ergothioneine assays; WC performed AGE assays; AM, GN and JU analyzed data; MSC, JU wrote the manuscript; JU and MSC, had primary responsibility for final content. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, MOD-1, HFS-025, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA

    Mona S. Calvo

  2. Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1147, New York, NY, 10029, USA

    Anita Mehrotra, Girish Nadkarni & Jaime Uribarri

  3. Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 202 Rodney A. Erickson Food Science Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA

    Robert B. Beelman & Michael D. Kalaras

  4. Cancer Science Institute, National University Singapore, 14 Medical Dr, Singapore, 117599, Singapore

    Lingzhi Wang & Boon Cher Goh

  5. Department of Geriatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA

    Weijing Cai

Authors
  1. Mona S. Calvo
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  2. Anita Mehrotra
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  3. Robert B. Beelman
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  4. Girish Nadkarni
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  5. Lingzhi Wang
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  6. Weijing Cai
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  7. Boon Cher Goh
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  8. Michael D. Kalaras
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  9. Jaime Uribarri
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jaime Uribarri.

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Disclaimer

The findings and conclusions presented in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views and opinions of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Mention of trade names, product labels or food manufacturers does not constitute endorsement or recommendations of use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

Conflict of interest

Each one and all authors declare no conflict of interest.

Financial Support

This study was made possible by funding from the Mushroom Council and the Australian Mushroom Growers Council, neither of which participated in the study design, data collection, data analysis or interpretation of results, or manuscript preparation.

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Calvo, M.S., Mehrotra, A., Beelman, R.B. et al. A Retrospective Study in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: Diabetic Risk Factor Response to Daily Consumption of Agaricus bisporus (White Button Mushrooms). Plant Foods Hum Nutr 71, 245–251 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-016-0552-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-016-0552-7

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