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12-Month Outcome and Predictors of Recurrence in Psychiatric Treatment of Depression: A Retrospective Study

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Abstract

Many individuals treated for depression suffer relapse or recurrence after treatment. Known risk factors include number of previous depressive episodes and residual symptoms after treatment. Both relapse/recurrence rates and predictors of relapse/recurrence, however, may differ between various settings. To perform a naturalistic evaluation of the sustained effectiveness of treatment for adult clinical depression in a psychiatric out-patient setting and to examine psychosocial and clinical predictors of relapse/recurrence. 51 individuals, who were successfully treated/discharged from psychiatric care 12 months prior, were assessed regarding current depressive status and regarding relapse and recurrence. Logistic regression was used to assess the predictive impact of the variables measured. At the 12-month follow-up, 26 % of the participants were in complete remission, 45 % were in partial remission, and 29 % were clinically depressed. In 1 year, 61 % suffered a new depressive episode. Having a greater number of previous episodes and having no partner significantly increased the risk of relapse or recurrence. A high prevalence of depression and partially remitted depression is reported at 12-month follow up, and a large proportion of the sample would likely benefit from active treatment. Relapse/recurrence rates are higher in this study than in many other studies, and it may be hypothesized that they are generally higher in psychiatric settings than in primary care. If so, this would indicate the need for a different treatment strategy in the psychiatric care of depression, with emphasis on long-term management of depression.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the participants for their involvement in this project. The author also wishes to thank Dan Comstedt and Lisa Haraldsson for their contribution to this study.

Conflict of interest

Olof Johansson was, at the time of the study, employed by the psychiatric hospital in which the study was conducted. Lars-Gunnar Lundh and Jonas Bjärehed declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Informed Consent

All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000. Informed consent was obtained from all patients for being included in the study.

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Correspondence to Olof Johansson.

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Johansson, O., Lundh, LG. & Bjärehed, J. 12-Month Outcome and Predictors of Recurrence in Psychiatric Treatment of Depression: A Retrospective Study. Psychiatr Q 86, 407–417 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-015-9341-y

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