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Public-Private Governance Regimes in the Global Sphere

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Abstract

Globally, there are challenges and threats that cannot be targeted by a single actor, even if it may be a national state, legitimized and willing to act. Hence, new collaboration regimes were created: international organizations, but also – formal or informal – cooperations with the private sector. Our paper discusses organization forms of these cooperations or ‘global public private partnerships’ (GPPP) theoretically and outlines framework conditions for the use of these global partnerships. Additionally, the health sector will be tackled exemplarily to delineate in how far GPPP are largely depending on the nature of the good provided.

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Notes

  1. In general, global effects can be good or bad – even if the negative effects get the higher level of attention in science as well as the public (Sandler n.d.).

  2. In contrast, many non-profit organizations which act as lobby groups for a specific aim do not have that kind of representation and legitimation, and are therefore excluded.

  3. A necessary precondition in that context is a wide definition of ‘public’, which includes not only national governments or government agencies, but also the kind of ‘public’ international organizations described above.

  4. Another discussed option would be to categorize partnerships by their organizational form or the nature of the activity undertaken, for the discussion in detail Buse and Walt 2000a, pp. 699 f.

  5. For sure the emergence and raise of organizations can be explained in their own right by other theoretical approaches – focussing on legitimation and power, as well as political rationalities –, but, arguing strictly in lines with economic theory, we focus on efficiency and effectiveness.

  6. A third scenario is given when the success of the whole project depends on the sum of the single contributions, the so-called summation scenario (Sandler n.d.). This is not as common in health issues, but more in environmental issues related to emissions or pollution.

  7. To name only a few, the biggest companies in terms of total revenue are Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer, Roche, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, and Sanofi.

  8. Most of these diseases have already been proved to be caused by germs, consequently their communicability depends on the transmission of the living germs themselves. At the same time, many germ diseases are not contagious, in these cases some special method of transmission or inoculation of the germs would be required (Fauci et al. 2008).

  9. Immunity is developed not quickly, but over several years of exposure, and does not give complete protection, but reduces the risk that the malaria infection will cause severe diseases with the individual (WHO 2011b).

  10. As the best available treatment, especially for P. falciparum-induced Malaria, artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is acknowledged, while currently no licensed vaccines against malaria or any other human parasite do exist (WHO 2011b).

  11. The incidence rate is defined as the percentage of new cases in 1 year, relative to total population in a country – in contrast, the prevalence rate counts the total number of affected individuals, relative to total population in a country, in a specific point of time.

  12. The drugs, used in so-called first-line treatments, date back to the 1960s; the treatment recommended by WHO for new cases of drug-susceptible TB it entails 6 months of treatment with first-line drugs, a combination of Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Ethambutol, and Pyrazinamide for 2 months, followed by phase of 4-month’ of Rifampicin and Isoniazid. The Bacille-Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine to prevent TB provides protection against severe forms of TB in children, but its benefit for adults varies among countries (WHO 2011b).

  13. The regional effect is of relevance here – with region being defined by similar environmental conditions in a specific geographic area which allow the mosquito to survive – as mobility of mosquitoes, as of other bugs, can not be limited by national borders.

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  1. Cologne Business School, Cologne, and German Research Institute for Public Administration, Hardefuststraße 1, Speyer, D-50677, Köln, Germany

    Rahel M. Schomaker

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Schomaker, R.M. Public-Private Governance Regimes in the Global Sphere. Public Organiz Rev 17, 121–138 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-015-0333-z

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