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Rock-eating mycorrhizas: their role in plant nutrition and biogeochemical cycles

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Abstract

A decade ago, tunnels inside mineral grains were found that were likely formed by hyphae of ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi. This observation implied that EcM fungi can dissolve mineral grains. The observation raised several questions on the ecology of these “rock-eating” fungi. This review addresses the roles of these rock-eating EcM associations in plant nutrition, biogeochemical cycles and pedogenesis. Research approaches ranged from molecular to ecosystem level scales. Nutrient deficiencies change EcM seedling exudation patterns of organic anions and thus their potential to mobilise base cations from minerals. This response was fungal species-specific. Some EcM fungi accelerated mineral weathering. While mineral weathering could also increase the concentrations of phytotoxic aluminium in the soil solution, some EcM fungi increase Al tolerance through an enhanced exudation of oxalate. Through their contribution to Al transport, EcM hyphae could be agents in pedogenesis, especially podzolisation. A modelling study indicated that mineral tunnelling is less important than surface weathering by EcM fungi. With both processes taken together, the contribution of EcM fungi to weathering may be significant. In the field vertical niche differentiation of EcM fungi was shown for EcM root tips and extraradical mycelium. In the field EcM fungi and tunnel densities were correlated. Our results support a role of rock-eating EcM fungi in plant nutrition and biogeochemical cycles. EcM fungal species-specific differences indicate the need for further research with regard to this variation in functional traits.

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Acknowledgments

The research programme “Rock-eating Mycorrhiza: Where, Why, How?” was funded by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research NWO. We thank Dr Yongguan Zhu and three anonymous referees for helpful comments on a previous version.

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  1. Laura van Schöll

    Present address: Nutrient Management Institute, P.O. Box 250, 6700 AG, Wageningen, The Netherlands

  2. Mark M. Smits

    Present address: Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, England, UK

  3. Renske Landeweert

    Present address: Blgg, Mariendal 8, 6861, Oosterbeek, The Netherlands

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Laura van Schöll, Thomas W. Kuyper, Mark M. Smits, Renske Landeweert & Ellis Hoffland

  2. Laboratory of Soil Science and Geology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 37, 6700, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Mark M. Smits & Nico van Breemen

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  1. Laura van Schöll
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Correspondence to Ellis Hoffland.

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van Schöll, L., Kuyper, T.W., Smits, M.M. et al. Rock-eating mycorrhizas: their role in plant nutrition and biogeochemical cycles. Plant Soil 303, 35–47 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9513-0

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