Abstract
Amaryllidaceae alkaloids are an example of the vast diversity of secondary metabolites with great therapeutic promise. The identification of novel compounds in this group with over 300 known structures continues to be an area of active study. The recent identification of norbelladine 4′-O-methyltransferase (N4OMT), an Amaryllidaceae alkaloid biosynthetic enzyme, and the assembly of transcriptomes for Narcissus sp. aff. pseudonarcissus and Lycoris aurea highlight the potential for discovery of Amaryllidaceae alkaloid biosynthetic genes with new technologies. Recent technical advances of interest include those in enzymology, next generation sequencing, genetic modification, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry.
Abbreviations
- ADH:
-
Alcohol dehydrogenases
- AKR:
-
Aldo-keto reductase
- CRISPR:
-
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
- Cas:
-
CRISPR associated
- ELSD:
-
Evaporative light scattering detection
- FTMS:
-
Fourier transform mass spectrometers
- gRNA:
-
Guide RNA
- LDR:
-
Long-chain dehydrogenases/reductase
- MS:
-
Mass spectrometry
- MDR:
-
Medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase
- N4OMT :
-
Norbelladine 4′-O-methyltransferase
- NMR:
-
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
- PAL:
-
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
- PAM:
-
Protospacer adjacent motif
- SDR:
-
Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase
- SPE:
-
Solid phase extraction
- TALENs:
-
Transcription activator-like effector nucleases
- VpVAN:
-
Vanillin synthase
- VIGS:
-
Virus induced gene silencing
- ZFNs:
-
Zinc-finger nucleases
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Acknowledgments
This review was supported with the National Institutes of Health Award Number 1RC2GM092561 (NIGMS).
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Kilgore, M.B., Kutchan, T.M. The Amaryllidaceae alkaloids: biosynthesis and methods for enzyme discovery. Phytochem Rev 15, 317–337 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-015-9451-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-015-9451-z