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Monitoring cashew seedlings during interactions with the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae using chlorophyll fluorescence imaging

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Photosynthetica

Abstract

The chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence imaging technique was applied to cashew seedlings inoculated with the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae to assess any disturbances in the photosynthetic apparatus of the plants before the onset of visual symptoms. Two-month-old cashew plants were inoculated with mycelium of L. theobromae isolate Lt19 or Lt32. Dark-adapted and light-acclimated whole plants or previously labelled, single, mature leaf from each plant were evaluated weekly for Chl fluorescence parameters. From 21 to 28 days, inoculation with both isolates resulted in the significantly lower maximal photochemical quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) than those for control samples, decreasing from values of 0.78 to 0.62. In contrast, the time response of the measured fluorescence transient curve from dark-acclimated plants increased in both whole plants and single mature leaves in inoculated plants compared with controls. The Fv/Fm images clearly exhibited photosynthetic perturbations 14 days after inoculation before any visual symptoms appeared. Additionally, decays in the effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry and photochemical quenching coefficient were also observed over time. However, nonphotochemical quenching increased during the evaluation period. We conclude that Fv/Fm images are the effective way of detecting early metabolic perturbations in the photosynthetic apparatus of cashew seedlings caused by gummosis in both whole plants and single leaves and could be potentially employed in larger-scale screening systems.

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Abbreviations

Chl:

chlorophyll

F0 :

minimal Chl fluorescence of dark-acclimated plants

F0′:

minimum fluorescence during light exposure treatment

Fm :

maximal Chl fluorescence of dark-acclimated plants

Fv/Fm :

maximal photochemical quantum yield of PSII

Fm′:

maximal fluorescence during light treatment

Fv :

variable fluorescence

LED:

light-emitting diode

NPQ:

nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching

QA :

quinone A

qP :

coefficient of photochemical fluorescence quenching

ΦPSII :

effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry

τTR :

time response of the measured fluorescence transient curve from dark-acclimated plants

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Rua Dra. Sara Mesquita, 2270 — Planalto do Pici, 60.511-110, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil

    C. R. Muniz, F. C. O. Freire, F. M. P. Viana & J. E. Cardoso

  2. Embrapa Meio-Norte, Av. Duque de Caxias, 5650, 64.006-220, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil

    C. A. F. Sousa

  3. Centro de Ciência da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Av. Paranjana, 1700, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil

    M. I. F. Guedes

  4. Wageningen UR Greenhouse Horticulture, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, P.O. Box 644, 6700 AP, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    R. van der Schoor & H. Jalink

Authors
  1. C. R. Muniz
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  2. F. C. O. Freire
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  3. F. M. P. Viana
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  4. J. E. Cardoso
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  5. C. A. F. Sousa
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  6. M. I. F. Guedes
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  7. R. van der Schoor
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  8. H. Jalink
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to C. R. Muniz.

Additional information

Acknowledgments: We would like to thank CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) for granting scholarships through the “Adding value to Brazilian Tropical fruits: MIPS (Multiple Imaging Plant Stress) and TRS (Time Resolved Spectroscopy) applications to assure uniform quality of papaya and mango” project, coordinated by Dr. H. Filgueiras and Dr. M. Teixeira de Souza Junior for his support through Embrapa LABEX Europe.

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Muniz, C.R., Freire, F.C.O., Viana, F.M.P. et al. Monitoring cashew seedlings during interactions with the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae using chlorophyll fluorescence imaging. Photosynthetica 52, 529–537 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-014-0061-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-014-0061-6

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