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Contribution of stem CO2 fixation to whole-plant carbon balance in nonsucculent species

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Photosynthetica

Abstract

In many plant species that remain leafless part of the year, CO2 fixation occurring in green stems represents an important carbon gain. Traditionally, a distinction has been made between stem photosynthesis and corticular photosynthesis. All stem photosynthesis is, sensu stricto, cortical, since it is carried out largely by the stem cortex. We proposed the following nomenclature: stem net photosynthesis (SNP), which includes net CO2 fixation by stems with stomata in the epidermis and net corticular CO2 fixation in suberized stems, and stem recycling photosynthesis (SRP), which defines CO2 ling in suberized stems. The proposed terms should reflect differences in anatomical and physiological traits. SNP takes place in the chlorenchyma below the epidermis with stomata, where the net CO2 uptake occurs, and it resembles leaf photosynthesis in many characteristics. SRP is found in species where the chlorenchyma is beneath a well-developed stomata-free periderm and where reassimilation of internally respired CO2 occurs. SNP is common in plants from desert ecosystems, rates reaching up to 60% of the leaf photosynthetic rate. SRP has been demonstrated in trees from temperate forests and it offsets partially a carbon loss by respiration of stem nonphotosynthetic tissues. Reassimilation can vary between 7 and 123% of respired CO2, the latter figure implying net CO2 uptake from the atmosphere. Both types of stem photosynthesis contribute positively to the carbon economy of the species, in which they occur; they are advantageous to the plant because they allow the maintenance of physiological activity during stress, an increase of integrated water use efficiency, and they provide the carbon source used in the production of new organs.

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Abbreviations

CAM:

crassulacean acid metabolism

CE:

carboxylation efficiency

Chl:

chlorophyll

C i :

intercellular CO2 concentration

Fv/Fm :

maximum quantum yield of PSII

g s :

stomatal conductance

P N :

photosynthetic rate

P N-leaf :

leaf net P N

P N-recycling :

stem recycling P N

P N-stem :

stem net P N

PEP:

phosphoenolpyruvate

PEPCK:

phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase

PPFD:

photosynthetic photon flux density

R D :

dark-respiration rate

R L :

light-respiration rate

Rubisco:

ribulose-1,5-carboxylase/oxygenase

T:

temperature

SNP:

stem net photosynthesis

SRP:

stem recycling photosynthesis

VPD:

vapor pressure deficit

WUE:

water-use efficiency

δ13C:

isotopic carbon composition

ΦPSII :

effective quantum yield of PSII

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  1. Centro de Botánica Tropical, Instituto de Biología Experimental, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, 1040, Venezuela

    E. Ávila, A. Herrera & W. Tezara

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  1. E. Ávila
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  2. A. Herrera
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  3. W. Tezara
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Correspondence to E. Ávila.

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Acknowledgements. We thank Ilsa Coronel for critical reading of the manuscript and Consejo de Desarrollo Científico y Humanístico (CDCH, Venezuela) for financial support to WT (Grant PI 03-7458-2009).

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Ávila, E., Herrera, A. & Tezara, W. Contribution of stem CO2 fixation to whole-plant carbon balance in nonsucculent species. Photosynthetica 52, 3–15 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-014-0004-2

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