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Photosynthetic parameters of two invasive tree species of the Brazilian Pantanal in response to seasonal flooding

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Photosynthetica

Abstract

The Pantanal is the largest wetland in the world with extremely high plant and animal diversity, but large areas have been invaded by Vochysia divergens Pohl (Vochysiaceae), a tree that is native to the Amazon Basin, and Curatella americana L. (Dilleniaceae), a tree that is native to the Brazilian savanna (cerrado). V. divergens is reportedly floodadapted, thus its ability to invade the Pantanal may not be surprising, but the invasion of C. americana is counterintuitive, because this species is adapted to the well-drained soils of the cerrado. Thus, we were interested in comparing the photosynthetic capacity, in terms of CO2 conductance, carboxylation, and electron transport of these species over a seasonal flooding cycle. Given that V. divergens is reportedly flood-adapted, we predicted that this species would have a higher photosynthetic capacity than C. americana, especially under flooding. To test this hypothesis we measured the photosynthetic CO2 response (P N/C c) of V. divergens and C. americana within 1 year to determine, if photosynthetic capacity varied systematically over time and between species. Contrary to our hypothesis, V. divergens did not always have a higher photosynthetic capacity than C. americana. Rather, species differences were influenced by temporal variations in flooding and the leaf age. Leaf CO2 assimilation and photosynthetic capacity of both species were lower during the flood period, but the differences were not statistically significant. The physiological performance of both species was strongly related to leaf N and P concentrations, but P limitation appeared to be more important than N limitation for these species and ecosystem. Photosynthetic capacity was higher and more stable for V. divergens, but such an advantage did not result in a statistically significant increase in P N. Our results suggest that both species are tolerant to flooding even though they are adapted to very different hydrological conditions. Such physiological plasticity, especially for C. americana, might be a key feature for the ability to survive and persist in the seasonally flooded Pantanal.

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Abbreviations

C c :

molar concentration of CO2 in the chloroplast

C i :

molar concentration of CO2 in the intercellular air space

ET:

evapotranspiration

g m :

mesophyll conductance

g s :

stomatal conductance

J max :

light-saturated rate of electron transport

L:

leaf age

N:

concentration of nitrogen

P:

concentration of phosphorus

P N :

net photosynthesis

P N/C c :

photosynthetic response curves to variations in concentration of CO2 in the chloroplast

PPFD:

photosynthetic photon flux density

Rubisco:

ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase

S:

species

SLA:

specific leaf area

T:

time

TPU:

triose phosphate utilization

T l :

leaf temperature

V cmax :

maximum rate of Rubisco activity

VPD:

atmospheric vapor pressure deficit

YL:

young leaves

OL:

old leaves

Γ:

CO2 compensation point

Γ*:

CO2 compensation point in the absence of mitochondrial respiration

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física Ambiental, IF/UFMT, 78060, Cuiabá-MT, Brasil

    H. J. Dalmagro, F. A. de Lobo, G. L. Vourlitis, Â. C. Dalmolin, M. Z. Antunes Jr., C. E. R. Ortíz & J. de S. Nogueira

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, 92096, San Marcos, USA

    H. J. Dalmagro, F. A. de Lobo, Â. C. Dalmolin & J. de S. Nogueira

  3. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura Tropical, FAMEV/UFMT, 78060, Cuiabá/MT, Brasil

    M. Z. Antunes Jr.

  4. Instituto de Biologia, IB/UFMT, 78060, Cuiabá/MT, Brasil

    C. E. R. Ortíz

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  1. H. J. Dalmagro
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  2. F. A. de Lobo
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  3. G. L. Vourlitis
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  4. Â. C. Dalmolin
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  5. M. Z. Antunes Jr.
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  6. C. E. R. Ortíz
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  7. J. de S. Nogueira
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Correspondence to G. L. Vourlitis.

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Acknowledgments: This research was supported by the National Institute for Science and Technology in Wetlands (INAU), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development and Ministry of Science and Technology (CNPq/MCT), National Science Foundation-Office of International Science and Engineering (NSF-OISE), Research Foundation of Mato Grosso (FAPEMAT) and Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), which provided scholarships to the authors (Dalmagro, Dalmolin, and Antunes Jr.). The authors thank the Graduate Program in Environmental Physics, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso for laboratory support. The authors thank the Long Term Ecological Research (PELD), in particular, Susana Souza dos Santos and the RPPN-SESC park rangers, for their logistical support.

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Dalmagro, H.J., de Lobo, F.A., Vourlitis, G.L. et al. Photosynthetic parameters of two invasive tree species of the Brazilian Pantanal in response to seasonal flooding. Photosynthetica 51, 281–294 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-013-0024-3

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