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Optimisation of glycaemic control during episodes of severe/acute hyperglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

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Abstract

Background Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are frequently admitted to the hospital with severe or acute hyperglycaemia secondary to an acute illness or disease. Uncontrolled glycaemia is a significant problem during severe or acute hyperglycaemia. Objective This study sought to identify demographic, clinical, and genetic factors that may contribute to increased insulin resistance or worsening of glycaemic control in patients with T2DM. Setting This prospective cohort study included 156 patients with T2DM and severe or acute hyperglycaemia who were treated with insulin at any medical ward of the National University of Malaysia Medical Centre. Method Insulin resistance was determined using the homeostatic model assessment–insulin resistance index. Glycaemic control during the episode of hyperglycaemia was assessed as the degree to which the patient achieved the target glucose levels. The polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used to identify polymorphisms in insulin receptor substrate (IRS) genes. Main outcome measure Identification of possible predictors (demographic, clinical, or genetic) for insulin resistance and glycaemic control during severe/acute hyperglycaemia. Results A polymorphism in IRS1, r.2963 G>A (p.Gly972Arg), was a significant predictor of both insulin resistance [odds ratios (OR) 4.48; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.2–16.7; P = 0.03) and worsening of glycaemic control (OR 6.04; 95 % CI 0.6–64.6; P = 0.02). The use of loop diuretics (P < 0.05) and antibiotics (P < 0.05) may indirectly predict worsening of insulin resistance or glycaemic control in patients with severe/acute hyperglycaemia. Conclusion Clinical and genetic factors contribute to worsening of insulin resistance and glycaemic control during severe/acute hyperglycaemia in patients with T2DM. Early identification of factors that may influence insulin resistance and glycaemic control may help to achieve optimal glycaemic control during severe/acute hyperglycaemia.

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Funding

The authors would like to thank the National University of Malaysia, University of Malaya, Malaysia, and the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, for financial and technical support.

Conflicts of interest

The authors have no conflict of interest to report.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Hasniza Zaman Huri

  2. Faculty of Pharmacy, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Mohd Makmor-Bakry

  3. Faculty of Pharmacy, Cyberjaya University College of Medical Sciences, Cyberjaya, Malaysia

    Rosnani Hashim

  4. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Norlaila Mustafa

  5. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah

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  1. Hasniza Zaman Huri
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Correspondence to Hasniza Zaman Huri.

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Huri, H.Z., Makmor-Bakry, M., Hashim, R. et al. Optimisation of glycaemic control during episodes of severe/acute hyperglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Clin Pharm 34, 863–870 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-012-9682-7

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