Skip to main content
Log in

Adaptive outer synchronization of delay-coupled nonidentical complex networks in the presence of intrinsic time delay and circumstance noise

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Nonlinear Dynamics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper studies the outer synchronization of time delay complex networks of nonidentical topological structures in the presence of intrinsic time delay, time-varying coupling delay, and perturbation by noise. Considering one network as the drive network and the other as the response network, the drive-response networks achieve synchronization through a suitably designed adaptive controller. The stochastic LaSalle invariance principle is employed to theoretically prove the almost certain synchronization between two complex networks. The proposed controller is applicable to complex networks that have either intrinsic time delay or coupling delay or both. Two examples are examined to illustrate the proposed synchronization scheme and demonstrate its effectiveness.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Strogatz, S.H.: Exploring complex networks. Nature 410, 268–276 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Albert, R., Barabási, A.L.: Statistical mechanics of complex networks. Rev. Mod. Phys. 74, 47–91 (2002)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  3. Wang, X.F.: Complex networks: topology, dynamics and synchronization. Int. J. Bifurcat. Chaos 12, 885–916 (2002)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. Wang, X.F., Chen, G.: Complex networks: small-world, scale-free, and beyond. IEEE Circuits Syst. Mag. 3, 6–20 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Dorogovtsev, S.N., Goltsev, A.V.: Critical phenomena in complex networks. Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 1275–1335 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Wang, X., Chen, G.: Synchronization in small-world dynamical networks. Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos 12, 187–192 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Wang, X., Chen, G.: Synchronization in scale free dynamical networks: robustness and fragility. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I49, 54–62 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Li, C., Chen, G.: Synchronization in general complex dynamical networks with coupling delays. Phys. A 343, 263–278 (2004)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  9. Zhou, J., Lu, J., Lü, J.: Adaptive synchronization of an uncertain complex dynamical network. IEEE Trans. Automat. Control 51, 652–656 (2006)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  10. Arenas, A., Díaz-Guilera, A., Kurths, J., Moreno, Y., Zhou, C.: Synchronization in complex networks. Phys. Rep. 469, 93–153 (2008)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  11. Miao, Q., Tang, Y., Kurths, J., Fang, J., Wong, W.K.: Pinning controllability of complex networks with community structure. Chaos 23, 033114 (2013)

  12. Stout, J., Whiteway, M., Ott, E., Girvan, M., Antonsen, T.M.: Local synchronization in complex networks of coupled oscillators. Chaos 21, 025109 (2011)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  13. Ji, P., Peron, T.K.D.M., Menck, P.J., Rodrigues, F.A., Kurths, J.: Cluster explosive synchronization in complex networks. Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 218701 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Li, C., Sun, W., Kurths, J.: Synchronization between two coupled complex networks. Phys. Rev. E 76, 046204 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Li, C., Xu, C., Sun, W., Xu, J., Kurths, J.: Outer synchronization of coupled discrete-time networks. Chaos 19, 013106 (2009)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  16. Tang, H., Chen, L., Lu, J., Tse, C.K.: Adaptive synchronization between two complex networks with nonidentical topological structures. Phys. A 387, 5623–5630 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Wang, G., Cao, J., Lu, J.: Outer synchronization between two nonidentical networks with circumstance noise. Phys. A 389, 1480–1488 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Sun, Y., Shi, H., Bakare, E.A., Meng, Q.: Noise-induced outer synchronization between two different complex dynamical networks. Nonlinear Dyn. 76, 519–528 (2014)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  19. Erneux, T.: Applied Delay Differential Equations. Springer, New York (2009)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  20. Mao, X.: Stochastic Differential Equation and Application. Horwood Publishing, Chichester (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Su, H., Wamg, X.: Pinning Control of Complex Networked Systems. Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press, Shanghai and Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2013)

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  22. Mao, X.: LaSalle-type theorems for stochastic differential delay equations. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 236, 350–369 (1999)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  23. Mil’shtein, G.N.: Approximate integration of stochastic differential equations. Theory Probab. Appl. 19, 557–562 (1975)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Lorenz, E.N.: Deterministic nonperiodic flow. J. Atmos. Sci. 20, 130–144 (1963)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Arecchi, F.T., Giacomelli, G., Lapucci, A., Meucci, R.: Dynamics of a CO\(_2\) laser with delayed feedback: the short delay regime. Phys. Rev. A 43, 4997–5004 (1991)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research is supported by the National Foundation for Studying Abroad (2012), the Talents Project of Sichuan University of Science and Engineering (No. 2011RC07), the Key project of Artificial Intelligence Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province (No. 2011RZJ02), the Science and Technology Key Project of Zigong (No. 2012D09), the Cultivation Project of Sichuan University of Science and Engineering (No. 2012PY19), the High-level Innovative Talents Plan of Sichuan University of Science and Engineering (2014), and the Basic and Advanced Research Project of CQCSTC (No. cstc2014jcyjA00040).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Da Lin.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lin, D., Liu, JM. & Zhang, F. Adaptive outer synchronization of delay-coupled nonidentical complex networks in the presence of intrinsic time delay and circumstance noise. Nonlinear Dyn 80, 117–128 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-014-1855-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-014-1855-6

Keywords

Navigation