Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

An investigation of pixel resonance phenomenon in color imaging: the multiple interpretations of people with color vision deficiency

  • Published:
Multimedia Tools and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Multiple interpretations of behavior in human vision lead us to a dissimilar comprehension. The perceivable vision of normal people and dichromats were simulated by confusion lines and co-punctal points on the CIE chromaticity diagram to interpret the concept of multiple interpretations. In addition, the new principle of pixel resonance (PR) was proposed to aid dichromats in recognizing the correct objects from a variegated background. In this study, the principle of PR, which is mainly derived from the stochastic resonance (SR) theory, was slightly introduced as the opening of the research. A Monte Carlo simulation of random walks is a common method used to achieve the SR conception by simulating an experiment of the photon casting process. This process is analogous to how people prioritize and understand certain parts of a scene or an image. The concept of PR applied to intensity imaging was introduced in Section 2. Next, an extension of the theory of PR conception was applied to color imaging in Section 3. In addition, we proposed a creative method to simulate an Ishihara pseudoisochromatic test plate using three procedures: circle pattern construction, color sampling and luminance placement. The visual simulations of dichromats and normal people were realized by confusion lines and co-punctal points to obtain multiple interpretations. Finally, the PR phenomenon on the simulated Ishihara pseudoisochromatic test plates was discussed. The results of the current study showed that the PR phenomenon for the perceivable vision of normal people and tritanopes, but not for protanopes and deuteranopes, can be meaningfully observed. In conclusion, the application of PR presents meaningful results for tritanopes. This research can be applied to clinics to assist people with color vision deficiency in recognizing the correct number.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Anishchenko VS, Astakhov V, Neiman A (2007) Nonlinear dynamics of chaotic and stochastic systems: tutorial and modern developments. Springer Verlag

  2. Attarchi MS, Labbafinejad Y, Mohammadi S (2004) Occupational exposure to different levels of mixed organic solvents and colour vision impairment. Neurotoxicol Teratol 32:558–562

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Biedeman I (1987) Recognition-by-components: a theory of human image understanding. Psychol Rev 94:5–147

    Google Scholar 

  4. Birch J (1997) Efficiency of the Ishihara test for identifying red-green colour deficiency. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 17:403–408

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Brettel H, Viénot F, Mollon J (1997) Computerized simulation of color appearance for dichromats. J Opt Soc Am A 14:2647–2655

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Cheng CM, Wu SJ (1994) Orthographic satiation and disorganization in Chinese. Adv Stud Chin Lang Proc 20:183–190

    Google Scholar 

  7. Dai H, Micheyl C (2010) Psychophysical reverse correlation with multiple response alternatives. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 36:976–993

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Dougherty B, Wade A, Vischeck. Available: http://www.vischeck.com

  9. Forsyth DA, Ponce J (2002) Computer vision: a modern approach. Prentice Hall

  10. Gonzalez RC, Woods RE (2002) digital image processing. Addison-Wesley Pub (Sd)

  11. Hammersley JM, Handscomb DC (1975) Monte carlo methods. Taylor & Francis

  12. Hsieh CW, Hsu YC, Jong TL (2009) Image interpretations based on quantum resonance concept. Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering, Qingdao, pp 59–63

    Google Scholar 

  13. Hunt RWG (1968) Colour science: concepts and methods, quantitative data and formulas. J Mod Opt 15:197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Judd DB, Wyszecki G (1975) Color in business, science, and industry. THIRD EDITION, Wiley-Interscience

  15. Kay KN, Naselaris T, Prenger RJ, Gallant JL (2008) Identifying natural images from human brain activity. Nature 452:352–355

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Lee DY, Honson M (2003) Chromatic variation of Ishihara diagnostic plates. Color Res Appl 28:267–276

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Logvinenko AD, Beattie LL (2011) Partial hue-matching. Vis Res 8:6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Noudoost B, Chang MH, Steinmetz NA, Moore T (2010) Top-down control of visual attention. Curr Opin Neurobiol 9:353–364

    Google Scholar 

  19. Peelen MV, Fei-Fei L, Kastner S (2009) Neural mechanisms of rapid natural scene categorization in human visual cortex. Nature 460:94–97

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Pitt FHG (1944) The nature of normal trichromatic and dichromatic vision. Proc Roy Soc Lond B Biol Sci 132:101–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Rubenstein RY (1981) Simulation and the Monte Carlo method. Wiley, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  22. Szirmay-Kalos L (2000) Monte-Carlo methods in global illumination

  23. Truchetet F, Laligant O (2008) Review of industrial applications of wavelet and multiresolution-based signal and image processing. J Electron Imaging 17:031102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Verghese P (2001) Visual search and attention: a signal detection theory approach. Neuron 31:523–535

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Vienot F, Brettel H (2000) Color display for dichromats. Proceedings of SPIE, San Jose, pp 199–207

    Google Scholar 

  26. Wright WD (1952) The characteristics of tritanopia. J Opt Soc Am 42:509–517

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Zjakić I, Parac-Osterman D, Bates I (2011) New approach to metamerism measurement on halftone color images. Measurement 44:1441–1447

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chia-Yi University, No. 300 Syuefu Rd., Chiayi City, 60004, Taiwan

    Chi-Wen Hsieh & Din-Yuen Chan

  2. Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec.1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan

    Hsiao-Chuan Liu

  3. Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, 112, Taiwan

    Hsiao-Chuan Liu, Yi-Hong Chou & Chui-Mei Tiu

  4. Instrument Technology Research Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, 20 R&D Road VI, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan

    Chih-Yen Chen

  5. School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei, 112, Taiwan

    Yi-Hong Chou & Chui-Mei Tiu

  6. Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, No.83, Nanchang St., Luodong Township, Yilan County, 265, Taiwan

    Chui-Mei Tiu

  7. Ching Chyuan Hospital, No.80, Sec. 4, Yatan Rd., Daya Dist., Taichung City, 428, Taiwan

    Chui-Mei Tiu

  8. Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan

    Ying-Che Hsu

Authors
  1. Chi-Wen Hsieh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hsiao-Chuan Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Chih-Yen Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yi-Hong Chou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Chui-Mei Tiu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Ying-Che Hsu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Din-Yuen Chan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chih-Yen Chen.

Appendix

Appendix

The photon casting process by Monte Carlo simulation of random walk was achieved by a pseudo code, and shown as follows.

Pseudo code:

figure h

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Hsieh, CW., Liu, HC., Chen, CY. et al. An investigation of pixel resonance phenomenon in color imaging: the multiple interpretations of people with color vision deficiency. Multimed Tools Appl 74, 4487–4505 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-013-1818-9

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-013-1818-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation