Abstract
Mother of FT and TFL1 (MFT) participates in the regulation of seed dormancy in wheat. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the promoter of MFT on chromosome 3A (MFT-3A) can explain the difference in the levels of MFT-3A expression, and the difference in seed dormancy, between Chinese Spring (CS) and the CS line with a substituted chromosome 3A from Zenkoujikomugi (Zen) (CS(Zen3A)). Using a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker for this SNP, we analyzed the distribution of the SNP in 694 cultivars, including 117 Japanese cultivars and 551 cultivars from a wheat core collection. The Zen-type SNP predominantly occurs in cultivars used in Japan, where the rainy season overlaps with the wheat harvest season. We also sequenced the ~800 bp genomic fragment amplified by the CAPS marker and categorized the sequences into 16 groups, G1–G16. Only G11 has the Zen-type SNP; all the others have the CS-type SNP. This indicates that the CS-type allele (T) is ancestral, and during cultivation, nucleotide substitution occurred to give the Zen-type allele (C), which has been adopted to improve pre-harvest sprouting tolerance. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that G11 is derived from G3, which occurs worldwide. Our results suggest that the CAPS marker provides a valuable tool to select the Zen-type MFT-3A allele in wheat breeding programs for improving pre-harvest sprouting tolerance.
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Acknowledgments
We thank Dr. Ludmila Papouskova (Gene bank, Crop Research Institute, Czech Republic), Dr. Yasuhiro Yoshimura (Kitami Experimental Station, Japan), Dr. Tadashi Tabiki (Hokkaido Research Center, Japan) and Dr. Eiko Himi (Okayama University, Japan) for kindly providing their wheat seeds. This research was supported by a grant from the Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Genomics for Agricultural Innovation, TRC-1001, TRG-1001 and Genomics-based Technology for Agriculture Improvement, TRS-1001).
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Nakamura, S., Makiko, C., Stehno, Z. et al. Diversification of the promoter sequences of wheat Mother of FT and TFL1 on chromosome 3A. Mol Breeding 35, 164 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-015-0358-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-015-0358-6