Abstract
Recent studies have suggested the existence of the emotion of triumph by documenting how its nonverbal signals are displayed and identified across cultures. The current study contributes to this literature by providing additional convergent evidence about the expression of triumph by examining self-reported expressions of triumph from participants from Japan, Russia, Serbia, and the U.S. Self-reported behavioral expressions of triumph were consistent with three factors previously found to be associated with the triumph expression (Expansion, Aggression, Attention), with the exception of a finding on one scale in one country. The Japanese were prone to report greater regulation compared to the experience of triumph, whereas Americans and Serbians reported relatively greater experience compared to regulation. Across countries, Aggression was positively correlated with self-reported experience. The self-reported expressions of triumph partially corresponded with nonverbal reactions that had been identified as triumph in previous research.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Costa, P. T, Jr, & McCrae, R. R. (1989). TheNEO-PIINEO-FFl manual supplement. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Costa, P. T, Jr, & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO personality inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO five-factor inventory (NEO-FFI) manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
de Waal, F. B. M. (1982). Chimpanzee politics: Power and sex among apes. London: Jonathan Cape.
de Waal, F. B. (1986). The integration of dominance and social bonding in primates. Quarterly Review of Biology, 61, 459–479.
de Waal, F. B. M. (1989). Behavioral contrasts between the two Pan species, with special attention to tension regulation among captive bonobos. In P. Heltne & L. A. Marquardt (Eds.), Understanding chimpanzees (pp. 154–175). Chigo, IL: Academic Science.
Deag, J. M. (1974). A study of the social behavior and ecology of the wild Barbary macaque, Macaca sylvanus, Ph.D. diss, Universit of Bristol.
Driskell, J. E., Olmstead, B., & Salas, E. (1993). Task cues, dominance cues, and influence in task groups. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 51–60.
Driskell, J. E., & Salas, E. (2005). The effect of content and demeanor on reactions to dominance behavior. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 9, 3–14.
Dunbar, N. E., & Burgoon, J. K. (2005). Perceptions of power and interactional dominance in interpersonal relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 22, 207–233.
Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1975). Unmasking the face. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1978). Facial action coding system: A technique for the measurement of facial movement. Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Friedman, H. S., & Miller-Herringer, T. (1991). Nonverbal display of emotion in public and in private: Self-monitoring, personality, and expressive cues. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(5), 766–775.
Fromme, D. K., & Beam, D. V. (1974). Dominance and sex differences in nonverbal responses to differential eye contact. Journal of Research in Personality, 8, 70–87.
Furuichi, T. (1992). Dominance Relations Among Wild Bonobos (Pan paniscus) at Wamba, Zaı¨re. Abstracts of the XIVth Congress of the International Primatological Society, Strassbourg, 16–22 August, France. Abstract 301.
Furuichi, T., & Ihobe, H. (1994). Variation in male relationships in bonobos and chimpanzees. Behaviour, 130, 211–228.
Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (1997). Revealing feelings: Facets of emotional expressivity in self-reports, peer ratings, and behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 435–448.
Gross, J. J., & Levenson, R. W. (1993). Emotional suppression: physiology, self-report, and expressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64(6), 970.
Hall, J. A., Coats, E. G., & Smith LeBeau, L. (2005). Nonverbal behavior and the vertical dimension of social relations: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 131, 898–924.
Henrich, J., & Gil-White, F. J. (2001). The evolution of prestige: Freely conferred status as a mechanism for enhancing the benefits of cultural transmission”. Evolution and Human Behavior, 22, 165–196.
Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions and organizations across nations (2nd ed.). London: Sage.
Hwang, H. C., & Matsumoto, D. (2014). Dominance threat display for victory and achievement in competition context. Motivation and Emotion, 38, 206–214.
Johnsgard, P. A. (1965). Handbook of waterfowl behavior. Ithaca, New York: Cornell, University Press.
Kraus, M. W., & Chen, T. W. D. (2013). A winning smile? Smile intensity, physical dominance, and fighter performance. Emotion, 13, 270–279.
Lewis, K. M. (2000). When leaders display emotion: How followers respond to negative emotional expression of male and female leaders. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21, 221–234.
Mast, M. S., Hall, J. A., & Roter, D. L. (2008). Caring and dominance affect participants’ perceptions and behaviors during a virtual medical visit. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 23, 523–527.
Matsumoto, D. (1990). Cultural similarities and differences in display rules. Motivation and Emotion, 14(3), 195–214.
Matsumoto, D., & Hwang, H. S. (2012a). Evidence for a nonverbal expression of triumph. Evolution and Human Behavior, 33(5), 520–529.
Matsumoto, D., & Hwang, H. C. (2012b). Culture and emotion: The integration of biological and cultural contributions. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 43, 91–118.
Matsumoto, D., Kudoh, T., Scherer, K. R., & Wallbott, H. G. (1988). Antecedents of and reactions to emotions in the US and Japan. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 19, 267–286.
Maybury, K. K. (1997). The influence of status and sex on observer judgments of anger displays. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California, Davis.
Pratto, F., Sidanius, J., Stallworth, L. M., & Malle, B. F. (1994). Social dominance orientation: A personality variable predicting social and political attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 741–763.
Rinn, W. E. (1984). The neuropsychology of facial expression: A review of the neurological and psychological mechanisms for producing facial expressions. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 52–77.
Rogers-Millar, E. L., & Millar, F. E. (1979). Domineeringness and dominance: A transactional view. Human Communication Research, 5, 238–246.
Scherer, K. R. (1997). The role of culture in emotion-antecedent appraisal. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(5), 902–922.
Scherer, K. R., Wallbott, H. G., Matsumoto, D., & Kudoh, T. (1988). Emotional experience in cultural context: A comparison between Europe, Japan, and the USA. In K. R. Scherer (Ed.), Facets of emotion: Recent research (pp. 5–30).
Schwartz, B., Tesser, A., & Powell, E. (1982). Dominance cues in nonverbal behavior. Social Psychology Quarterly, 45(2), 114–120.
Snyder, R. A., & Sutker, L. W. (1977). The measurement of the construct of dominance and its relationship to nonverbal behavior. The Journal of Psychology, 97, 227–230.
Thierry, B. (1985). Social development in three species of macaque (Macaca mulatta, M. fasicularis, M. tonkeana): A preliminary report on the first ten weeks of life. Behavioral Processes, 11, 89–95.
Tiedens, L. Z., & Fragale, A. R. (2003). Power moves: complementarity in dominant and submissive nonverbal behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(3), 558–568.
Tracy, J. L., & Matsumoto, D. (2008). The spontaneous display of pride and shame: Evidence for biologically innate nonverbal displays. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105, 11655–11660.
Tracy, J. L., & Robins, R. W. (2008). The nonverbal expression of pride: Evidence for cross-cultural recognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94, 516–530.
Tracy, J. L., Shariff, A. F., & Cheng, J. T. (2010). A naturalist’s view of pride. Emotion Review, 2, 163–177.
Vervaecke, H., Vries, H., & Elascker, I. (2000). Dominance and its behavioral measures in a captive group of Bonobos (Pan paniscus). International Journal of Primatology, 21, 47–68.
Williams, L. A., & DeSteno, D. (2010). Pride in parsimony. Emotion Review, 2(2), 180–181.
Acknowledgments
The author wishes to thank Kevin Chuc, Sophia Nguyen, and Lauren Skinner for their general assistance in collecting data used in this study. The authors received no financial support for the research and/or authorship of this article.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interests with respect to the authorship and/or publication of this article.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hwang, H.C., Matsumoto, D., Yamada, H. et al. Self-reported expression and experience of triumph across four countries. Motiv Emot 40, 731–739 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-016-9567-5
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-016-9567-5