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Presidential address 2013: Fatigue influence on effort—considering implications for self-regulatory restraint

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Abstract

I sketch here an analysis of fatigue influence on effort and apply it to the phenomenon of self-regulatory restraint, construing such restraint as resistance against a behavioral urge or impulse. The analysis suggests that fatigue does not have a single influence, but rather a multifaceted one dependent on the difficulty of the task at hand and the importance of accomplishing it. Application to self-regulatory restraint offers a novel and potentially significant understanding of how the phenomenon works. A key implication is that restraint intensity should vary proximally with the magnitude of the urge resisted. Another is that fatigue and other restraint ability factors should have different influences on restraint intensity depending on the magnitude of an urge and the importance of resisting it. Cardiovascular results from ability and fatigue studies attest to the validity of the fatigue analysis and support its application in the self-regulatory context.

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Notes

  1. Across heart cycles (beat-to-beat periods), both SBP and diastolic blood pressure (DBP—the low pressure between beats) are affected by cardiac output—computed as heart rate (HR) × stroke volume (SV), the volume of blood pumped with each heartbeat.

  2. In brief, EIT asserts (1) emotions are motivational states insofar as they urge action, and (2) that their intensity (the strength of their “urging”) is determined by the strength of factors that oppose or deter their function. The greater the deterrence, the greater should be emotion (urge) intensity up to the point that the deterrent force outweighs the strength of the motive.

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Acknowledgments

Presidential address, Society for the Study of Motivation, Washington, DC, May, 2013. A portion of the work discussed here was supported by National Science Foundation Grant BCS-0450941. The weight vest research was supported by a grant from the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Clinical Nutrition Research Center. Numerous students and colleagues contributed to this research and the development of these ideas. Much credit goes to them all. Special credit goes to Stephanie Agtarap, whose interests and ideas greatly facilitated the restraint application. The author maintains an adjunct faculty appointment in the Department of Psychology at UAB.

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    Rex A. Wright

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Wright, R.A. Presidential address 2013: Fatigue influence on effort—considering implications for self-regulatory restraint. Motiv Emot 38, 183–195 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-014-9406-5

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