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Assessing external factors on substitution of fossil fuel by biofuels: model perspective from the Nordic region

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Abstract

The aim of this study is to develop a theoretical model by which to demonstrate how taxes and subsidies work as external factors to substitute fossil fuel by a forest-based biofuel. For biofuels, this study predominantly considers solid-form biomass that generates electricity; for fossil fuels, it considers coal. The model results explicated with three states by using various numeric values taken from the literature. Three states are as follows: a situation without a tax and subsidy, a situation with a biofuel subsidy, and a situation with a biofuel subsidy and a fossil fuel tax. The results of the first state exemplify current fuel market situation; those of the second indicate that the aggregate demand for biofuel has shifted upwards by around 15 % and that substitution has increased by around 18 % due to biofuel subsidies being offered. Under the third state, aggregate biofuel demand has shifted upwards by around 19 %, reduced the demand for fossil fuels by around 13 %, and increased substitution by around 31 %. This state relates to a greater sense of social welfare than other two states. It is conceivable that the joint application of taxes and subsidies will succour biofuel to supplant fossil fuel in the near future.

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Acknowledgments

The author would like to thank CIMO Foundation for providing financial support for preparing this paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, Borealis building, PO Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland

    Tahamina Khanam, Jukka Matero, Blas Mola-Yudego & Abul Rahman

  2. Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7043, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden

    Blas Mola-Yudego

  3. The Finnish Forest Research Institute, PO Box 68 (Yliopistokatu 6), 80101, Joensuu, Finland

    Lauri Sikanen

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  1. Tahamina Khanam
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  2. Jukka Matero
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  3. Blas Mola-Yudego
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  4. Lauri Sikanen
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  5. Abul Rahman
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Correspondence to Tahamina Khanam.

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Khanam, T., Matero, J., Mola-Yudego, B. et al. Assessing external factors on substitution of fossil fuel by biofuels: model perspective from the Nordic region. Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change 21, 445–460 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-014-9608-x

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