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Small-for-Gestational Age and Preterm Birth Across Generations: A Population-Based Study of Illinois Births

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Abstract

Small for gestational age (weight for gestational age <10th percentile, SGA) and preterm birth (<37 weeks, PTB) are the major determinants of infant mortality rates and racial disparities therein. To determine the generational inheritance patterns of SGA and PTB among non-Hispanic Whites and African-Americans. Stratified and multivariable binominal regression analyses were performed on an Illinois transgenerational dataset of White and African-American infants (1989–1991) and their mothers (1956–1976) with appended US census income information. Former SGA White mothers (N = 8,993) had a twofold greater infant SGA frequency than former non-SGA White mothers (N = 101,312); 14.4 versus 6.9 %, RR = 2.1 (2.0–2.2). Former SGA African American (N = 4,861) mothers had a SGA birth frequency of 25.7 % compared to 16.1 % for former non-SGA mothers (N = 28,090); RR = 1.5 (1.5–1.6). The adjusted (controlling for maternal age, education, marital status, parity, prenatal care usage, cigarette smoking, and hypertension) RR (95 % CI) of infant SGA for former SGA (compared to non-SGA) White and African-American mothers equaled 2.0 (1.9–2.1 and 1.5 (1.5–1.6), respectively. The adjusted RR (95 % CI) of infant preterm birth for former preterm (compared to term) White and African-American mothers were 1.1 (1.0–1.2). The findings were minimally changed among mothers with a lifelong residence in impoverished or affluent neighborhoods. In both races, approximately 8 % of SGA births were attributable to maternal SGA. There is a transgenerational association of SGA but not preterm birth among non-Hispanic Whites and African-Americans. In both races, a similar proportion of SGA births are attributable to maternal SGA.

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded by research Grants from the March of Dimes (12-FY04-45 and 12-FY09-159, to JWC).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Neonatology-#45, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA

    Stephanie M. Castrillio & James W. Collins Jr.

  2. Division of Neonatology, Stroger County Hospital, 1969 W. Ogden Ave, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA

    Richard J. David

  3. Department of Epidemiology, University of Illinois School of Public Health, 1603 W. Taylor, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA

    Kristin M. Rankin

Authors
  1. Stephanie M. Castrillio
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  2. Kristin M. Rankin
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  3. Richard J. David
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  4. James W. Collins Jr.
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Correspondence to James W. Collins Jr..

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Castrillio, S.M., Rankin, K.M., David, R.J. et al. Small-for-Gestational Age and Preterm Birth Across Generations: A Population-Based Study of Illinois Births. Matern Child Health J 18, 2456–2464 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-014-1484-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-014-1484-1

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