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Cardanol-based bisbenzoxazines

Effect of structure on thermal behaviour

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Abstract

A new class of thermoset polymers was synthesized based on agrochemical renewable cardanol—a by-product of cashew nut industry. A solventless synthesis of bisbenzoxazine monomers based on bisphenol-A (b) and aniline (abbreviated as Bzb-A) and cardanol (c) with diamines namely bis-(4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl)ether (HP), bis-(3-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl)ether (HM), 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulphone (DDS) and 2,2-bis(4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl)propane (BA) was carried out. The benzoxazine monomers (Bzc-HP, Bzc-HM, Bzc-DDS and Bzc-BA) were characterized by 1H-NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. The curing exotherm depended on the structure of the monomers. The onset curing temperature (T o) was lowest for Bzb-A (460 K) and highest in Bzc-HM (518 K). The decomposition temperature for 5% mass loss (T 5%) of resins followed the order PBzb-A < PBzc-DDS < PBzc-BA < PBzc-HM ≈ PBzc-HP. The materials showed their potential as adhesives. Lap shear strength on steel plates followed the trend PBzc-DDS < PBzc-HM < PBzc-BA < PBzc-HP.

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Acknowledgements

One of the authors, Dr. Bimlesh Lochab, is grateful to Department of Science & Technology, Delhi, India for the Young Scientist award and providing funds to carry out the project. We are thankful to Mr. Satya Priye, Satya Cashew Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. (SCCPL®) for providing cardanol for research purposes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Industrial Tribology Machine Dynamics and Maintenance Engineering Centre (ITMMEC), IIT, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India

    Bimlesh Lochab & Jayashree Bijwe

  2. Centre for Polymer Science & Engineering (CPSE), IIT, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India

    Indra K. Varma

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  1. Bimlesh Lochab
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  2. Indra K. Varma
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  3. Jayashree Bijwe
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Correspondence to Bimlesh Lochab.

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Lochab, B., Varma, I.K. & Bijwe, J. Cardanol-based bisbenzoxazines. J Therm Anal Calorim 107, 661–668 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-011-1854-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-011-1854-5

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