Skip to main content
Log in

Hydrothermal synthesis of highly crystalline nanotubes/nanoplates of pure and silver-doped anatase-titania using acid-catalyst-modified sol–gel precursors

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Highly crystalline nanotubes/nanoplates of pure and Ag-doped anatase-titania (TiO2) having high aspect-ratio have been synthesized, without the involvement of thermal treatment, via the hydrothermal method using the acetic-acid-modified sol–gel processed nanocrystalline pure and Ag-doped anatase-TiO2 as precursors. The samples have been characterized for analyzing their morphology, structure, specific surface-area, and surface-chemistry using the transmission electron microscope, selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface-area measurement, and Fourier transform infrared techniques. It has been observed that the hydrothermal treatment of acid-catyalyst-modified pure and Ag-doped nanocrystalline anatase-TiO2 precursors and the subsequent washing of hydrothermal products result in the formation of nanotubes/nanoplates of pure and Ag-doped anatase-TiO2 instead of those of hydrogen titanate which is invariably obtained with the use of unmodified-precursors. It has been proposed that the formation of nanotubes/nanoplates of pure and Ag-doped anatase-TiO2 via the hydrothermal method without the involvement of thermal treatment, under the given processing conditions, is due to the operation of double ion-exchange mechanism which is in contrast to that of conventional single ion-exchange mechanism responsible for the formation of nanotubes of hydrogen titanate. The operation of as-proposed double ion-exchange mechanism has been strongly supported by the experimentally observed variation in the solution-pH involved during the washing treatment of hydrothermal product.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Scheme 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Varghese OK, Gong D, Paulose M, Ong KG, Dickey EC, Grimes CA (2003) Adv Mater 15:624

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Adachi M, Murata Y, Harada M, Yoshikawa S (2000) Chem Lett 29:942

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Akita T, Okumura M, Tanaka K, Ohkuma K, Kohyama M, Koyanagi T, Date M, Tsubota S, Haruta M (2005) Surf Interface Anal 37:265

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Nakahira A, Kubo T, Yamasaki Y, Suzuki T, Ikuhara Y (2005) Jpn J Appl Phys 2(44):L690

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Kubo T, Nagata H, Takeuchi M, Matsuoka M, Anpo M, Nakahira A (2008) Res Chem Intermed 34:339

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Uchida S, Chiba R, Tomiha M, Masaki N, Shirai M (2002) Electrochemistry 70:418

    Google Scholar 

  7. Cao J, Sun J-Z, Li H-Y, Hong J, Wang M (2004) J Mater Chem 14:1203

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Tokudome H, Miyauchi M (2005) Angew Chem Int Ed 44:1974

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Sun X, Li Y (2003) Chem Eur J 9:2229

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Yang J, Jin Z, Wang X, Li W, Zhang J, Zhang S, Guo X, Zhang Z (2003) Dalton Trans 20:3898

  11. Kubota S, Johkura K, Asanuma K, Okouchi Y, Ogiwara N, Sasaki K, Kasuga T (2004) J Mater Sci Mater Med 15:1031

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Nakahira A, Kubo T, Numako C (2010) Inorg Chem 49:5845

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Tian ZR, Voigt JA, Liu J, McKenzie B, Xu H (2003) J Am Chem Soc 125:12384

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Kasuga T, Hiramatsu M, Hoson A, Sekino T, Niihara K (1998) Langmuir 14:3160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Kasuga T, Hiramatsu M, Hoson A, Sekino T, Niihara K (1999) Adv Mater 11:1307

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Ou HH, Lo SL (2007) Sep Purif Technol 58:179

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Zhu HY, Lan Y, Gao XP, Ringer SP, Zheng ZF, Song DY, Zhao JC (2005) J Am Chem Soc 127:6730

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Allam NK, Grimes CA (2009) Langmuir 25:7234

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Yu J, Yu H, Cheng B, Zhao X, Zhang Q (2006) J Photochem Photobiol A 182:121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Nian JN, Teng H (2006) J Phys Chem B 110:4193

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Wei X, Wang H, Zhu G, Chen J, Zhu L (2013) Ceram Int 39:4009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Cui L, Hui KN, Hui KS, Lee SK, Zhou W, Wan ZP, Thuc CNH (2012) Mater Lett 75:175

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Parra R, Goes MS, Castro MS, Longo E, Bueno PR, Varela JA (2008) Chem Mater 20:143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Daoud WA, Xin JH (2005) Chem Commun 2005:2110

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Serrano DP, Calleja G, Sanz R, Pizarro P (2007) J Mater Chem 17:1178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Wang C, Deng ZX, Li Y (2001) Inorg Chem 40:5210

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Zhang X, Ge X, Wang C (2009) Crys Growth Des 9:4301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Han S, Choi SH, Kim SS, Cho M, Jang B, Kim DY, Yoon J, Hyeon T (2005) Small 1:812

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Nolan NT, Seery MK, Pillai SC (2009) J Phys Chem C 113:16151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Beyers E, Cool P, Vansant EF (2005) J Phys Chem B 109:10081

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Harsha N, Ranya KR, Babitha KB, Shukla S, Biju S, Reddy MLP, Warrier KGK (2011) J Nanosci Nanotechnol 11:1175

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Harsha N, Ranya KB, Shukla S, Biju S, Reddy MLP, Warrier KGK (2011) J Nanosci Nanotechnol 11:2440

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Baiju KV, Shukla S, Biju S, Reddy MLP, Warrier KGK (2009) Mater Lett 11:1175

    Google Scholar 

  34. Narayani H, Kunniveetil SP, Shukla S (2013) Adv Sci Eng Med 5:63

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Baiju KV, Shukla S, Sandhya KS, James J, Warrier KGK (2008) J Sol–Gel Sci Technol 45:165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Chao HE, Yun YU, Xingfang HU, Larbot A (2003) J Eur Ceram Soc 23:1457

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. McKenzie KJD (1975) Trans J Br Ceram Soc 74:77

    Google Scholar 

  38. Hishita S, Mutoh I, Koumoto K, Yanagida H (1983) Ceram Int 9:61

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Seery MK, Gorge R, Floris P, Pillai SC (2007) J Photochem Photobiol A 189:258

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Ao Y, Xu J, Fu D (2009) Appl Surf Sci 256:239

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Lee GH, Zuo JM (2004) J Am Ceram Soc 87:473

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Zhang D, Yang D, Zhang H, Lu C, Qi L (2006) Chem Mater 18:3477

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Chen Q, Zhou W, Du G, Peng LM (2002) Adv Mater 14:1208

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Wang W, Varghese OK, Palose M, Grimes CA (2004) J Mater Res 19:417

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Hareesh P, Babitha KB, Shukla S (2012) J Hazard Mater 229–230:177

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Neville EM, Don MacElroy JM, Thampi KR, Sullivan JA (2013) J Photochem Photobiol A 267:17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Yu J, Yu H, Cheng B, Trapalis C (2006) J Mol Catal A 249:135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Jose M, Narayani H, Kumar J, Shukla S (2014) Sci Adv Mater (submitted)

Download references

Acknowledgments

Authors thank CSIR, India for the financial support (Project # P81113). Authors also thank Mr. Kiran M., Mr. Guruswamy P., Mr. Peermohamed A., and Mr. Jatish Kumar (all NIIST-CSIR, India) for conducting the TEM/SAED, XRD, BET, and FTIR analyses respectively.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Satyajit Shukla.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Jose, M., Kumari, M., Karunakaran, R. et al. Hydrothermal synthesis of highly crystalline nanotubes/nanoplates of pure and silver-doped anatase-titania using acid-catalyst-modified sol–gel precursors. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 73, 38–47 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-014-3492-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-014-3492-4

Keywords

Navigation