Abstract
Over the past decade, numerous isotopes of superheavy elements with Z = 112–118 have been synthesized. Production cross sections for these species are in the range of a few picobarns (1 pb = 10−36 cm2) or less. To get access to heavier nuclides and carry out a detailed study on their properties, a sufficient increase of the overall sensitivity of experiments is needed. The direct solution consist in increasing of the beam intensity and development of separators providing the necessary background suppression. Therefore, the design of high power radioactive targets becomes a key problem. In this report, we consider specific requirements to the development of targets for the synthesis of superheavy elements.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bender M, Heenen P-H (2013) J Phys Conf Ser 420(012002):1–15
Oganessian YT, Dmitriev SN (2009) Russ Chem Rev 78:1077–1087
Türler A, Pershina V (2013) Chem Rev 113:1237–1312
Hofmann S (2009) Lect Notes Phys 764:203–252
Morita K, Morimoto K, Kaji D, Haba H, Ozeki K, Kudou Y, Sumita T, Wakabayashi Y, Yoneda A, Tanaka K, Yamaki S, Sakai R, Akiyama T, Goto S, Hasebe H, Huang M, Huang T, Ideguchi E, Kasamatsu Y, Katori K, Kariya Y, Kikunaga H, Koura H, Kudo H, Mashiko A, Mayama K, Mitsuoka S, Moriya T, Murakami M, Murayama H, Namai S, Ozawa A, Sato N, Sueki K, Takeyama M, Tokanai F, Yamaguchi T, Yoshida A (2012) J Phys Soc Jpn 81:103201–103204
Oganessian YT, Utyonkov VK, Abdullin FS, Dmitriev SN, Graeger R, Henderson RA, Itkis MG, Lobanov YV, Mezentseva N, Moody KJ, Nelson SL, Polyakov AN, Ryabinin MA, Sagaidak RN, Shaughnessy DA, Shirokovsky IV, Stoyer MA, Stoyer NJ, Subbotin VG, Subotic K, Sukhov AM, Tsyganov YS, Türler A, Voinov AA, Vostokin GK, Wilk PA, Yakushev A (2013) Phys Rev C 87:034605–034608
Plan for the JINR future activities in nuclear physics 2008–2017. http://www.jinr.ru/RoadMap/NUCLEAR%20PHYSICS.pdf
Lougheed RW, Landrum JH, Hulet EK, Wild JF, Dougan RJ, Dougan AD, Gäggeler H, Schädel M, Moody KJ, Gregorich KE, Seaborg GT (1985) Phys Rev C 32:1760–1763
Ziegler J SRIM/TRIM (2014). http://www.srim.org
Marozin A, Soramel F, Miiller L, Scarlassara F, Signorini C, Pisent A (1997) Nucl Instr Meth Phys Res B 126:290–293
Popeko AG, Malyshev ON, Sagaidak RN, Yeremin AV (1997) Nucl Instr Meth Phys Res B 126:294–296
Gregorich KE (2013) Nucl Instr Method Phys Res A 711:47–59
Stolarz A (2014) J Radioanal Nucl Chem 299:913–931
Parker W, Falk R (1962) Nucl Instr Method 16:355–357
Vascon A, Santi S, Isse AA, Reich T, Drebert J, Christ H, Eberhardt K (2014) Du¨llmann Ch E. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 299:1085–1091
Vascon A, Runke J, Trautmann N, Cremer B, Eberhardt K, Düllmann ChE (2015) Appl Radiat Isot 95:36–43
Lobanov YuV, Buklanov GV, Abdullin FSh, Polyakov AN, Shirolovsky IV, Tsyganov YuS, Utyonkov VK (1997) Nucl Instr Methods Phys Res A 397:26–29
Runke J, Düllmann ChE, Eberhardt K, Ellison PA, Gregorich KE, Hofmann S, Jäger E, Kindler B, Kratz EV, Krier J, Lommel B, Mokry C, Nitsche H, Roberto JM, Rykaczewski KP, Schädel M, Thörle-Pospiech P, Trautmann N, Yakushev A (2014) J Radioanal Nucl Chem 299:1081–1084
Garcia M, Mazhar N, Chang N, Parsons-Moss T, Ashby P, Gates J, Stavsetra L, Gregorich KE, Nitsche H (2010) Nucl Instr Methods Phys Res A 613:396–400
Usoltsev I, Eichler R, Dressler R, Piguet D, Wittwer D, Türler A, Brütsch R, Olsen EA, Omtvedt JP, Semchenkov A (2014) Nucl Instr Methods Phys Res B 318:297–305
Watson PR, Loveland W, Zielinski PM, Gregorich KE, Nitsche H (2004) Nucl Instr Methods Phys Res B 226:543–548
Liebe D, Eberhardt K, Hartmann W, Häger T, Hübner A, Kratz EV, Kindler B, Lommel B, Thörle P, Schädel M, Steiner J (2008) Nucl Instr Methods Phys Res A 590:145–150
Sadi S, Paulenova A, Loveland W, Watson PR, Greene JP, Zhu S, Zinkann G (2014) Nucl Instr Methods Phys Res B 328:78–83
Antalic S, Cagarda P, Ackermann D, Burkhard H-G, Heßberger F, Hofmann S, Kindler B, Kojouharova J, Lommel B, Mann R, Saro S, Schött H-J (2004) Nucl Instr Methods Phys Res A 530:185–193
Marx D, Nickel F, Münzenberg G, Güttner K, Ewald H, Faust W, Hofmann S, Schött H-J, Thalheimer W (1979) Nucl Instr Methods 163:15–20
Sherrill B, Bailey J, Kashy E, Leakias C (1989) Nucl Instr Methods Phys Res B 40(41):1004–1007
Nitschke M (1976) Nucl Instr Methods 138:393–406
Nickel F (1982) Nucl Instr Methods 195:457–460
Sigmund P (1987) Nucl Instr Methods Phys Res B 27:1–20
Hofmann S, Heinz S, Mann R, Maurer J, Khuyagbaatar J, Ackermann D, Antalic S, Barth W, Block M, Burkhard H-G, Comas VF, Dahl L, Eberhardt K, Gostic J, Henderson RA, Heredia JA, Heßberger F, Kenneally JM, Kindler B, Kojouharov I, Kratz JV, Lang R, Leino M, Lommel B, Moody KJ, Münzenberg G, Nelson SL, Nishio K, Popeko AG, Runke J, Saro S, Shaughnessy DA, Stoyer MA, Thörle-Pospiech P, Tinschert K, Trautmann N, Uusitalo J, Wilk PA, Yeremin AV (2012) Eur Phys J A 48:62–85
Jäger E, Brand H, Düllmann CE, Khuyagbaatar J, Krier J, Schädel M, Torres T, Yakushev A (2014) J Radioanl Nucl Chem 299:1073–1079
Mann R, Ackermann D, Antalic S, Burkhard H-G, Cagarda P, Gembalies-Datz G, Hartmann W, Heßberger F, Hofmann S, Kindler B, Kuusiniemi P, Lommel B, Saro S, Schött H-G, Steiner J (2003) GSI Sci Rep GSI 2004 1:224
Dmitriev S, Aksenov NV, Albin YV, Bozhikov GA, Chelnokov ML, Chepygin VI, Eichler R, Isaev AV, Katrasev DE, Lebedev VY, Malyshev ON, Petrushkin OV, Porobanuk LS, Ryabinin MA, Sabelnikov AV, Sokol EA, Svirikhin AI, Starodub GY, Usoltsev I, Vostokin GK, Yeremin AV (2014) Mendeleev Comm 24:1–5
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to Professor V. Utyonkov for his private communication and discussions. This work has been carried out with the financial support from the Russian Foundation of Basic Research (project code #13-03-12205-ofi-m).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dmitriev, S.N., Popeko, A.G. High-power radioactive targets as one of the key problems in further development of the research program on synthesis of new superheavy elements. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 305, 927–933 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-014-3920-5
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-014-3920-5