Abstract
This paper explores processes of cultural change by contrasting migration scenarios with in situ cultural development. I argue that a detailed, fine-grained analysis of patterning within the archaeological record provides the means with which to distinguish between these scenarios. The archaeology of the Rice Lake–Trent River region in south-central Ontario provides a case study for the investigation of these processes of cultural change across the Middle to Late Woodland transition and in relation to the origins of Northern Iroquoians. Expectations for ceramic patterning are derived from each cultural change scenario and then evaluated against the regional database. This assessment is facilitated through the use of two statistical techniques: frequency distributions and correspondence analysis. The results clearly demonstrate both continuity and patterned change within the region, thus supporting the in situ hypothesis. I place these findings in a broader context through comparisons with contemporary developments in southern Ontario, southwestern Quebec and northern New York State.
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Acknowledgments
This research was undertaken as part of my doctoral dissertation in the Graduate Department of Anthropology at the University of Toronto. I thank my advisor Marti Latta, committee members David Smith and Gary Coupland, and external reviewers Michael Spence and Max Friesen, all of whom provided valuable comments on my dissertation that have also informed the present paper. Thanks also to Lisa Anselmi for her thoughts on an earlier draft and to two reviewers and the editor for their comments that helped me to incorporate the complex contexts that surround this case study. Many individuals and institutions provided access to the ceramic collections that form the base of this research. They are: Susan Jamieson and the Department of Anthropology, Trent University; Betty Prisch and the Rochester Museum and Science Center; Mima Kapches and the Royal Ontario Museum; Denise Graham and Band Council Members at the Alderville First Nation; Sheryl Smith, Brian Ross, Kyla Spence and the Ontario Archaeological Research Section, Parks Canada; Chris Andersen, Penny Young, Cathy McAinsh and the then Ontario Ministry of Citizenship, Culture and Recreation. I thank them all for their time and assistance. Financial support was provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada in the form of a Doctoral Fellowship (752-98-1845), and by the University of Toronto.
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Curtis, J.E. Migration and Cultural Change: The Northern Iroquoian Case in South-Central Ontario. J World Prehist 27, 145–195 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10963-014-9077-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10963-014-9077-x