Abstract
We establish weak and strong laws of large numbers for a class of branching symmetric Hunt processes with the branching rate being a smooth measure with respect to the underlying Hunt process, and the branching mechanism being general and state dependent. Our work is motivated by recent work on the strong law of large numbers for branching symmetric Markov processes by Chen and Shiozawa (J Funct Anal 250:374–399, 2007) and for branching diffusions by Engländer et al. (Ann Inst Henri Poincaré Probab Stat 46:279–298, 2010). Our results can be applied to some interesting examples that are covered by neither of these papers.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Albeverio, S., Blanchard, P., Ma, Z.-M.: Feynman-Kac semigroups in terms of signed smooth measures. In: Hornung, U., et al. (eds.) Random Partial Differential Equations, pp. 1–31. Birkhauser, Basel (1991)
Albeverio, S., Ma, Z.-M.: Perturbation of Dirichlet forms-lower semiboundedness, closability, and form cores. J. Funct. Anal. 99, 332–356 (1991)
Asmussen, S., Hering, H.: Strong limit theorems for general supercritical branching processes with applications to branching diffusions. Z. Wahrsch. Verw. Gebiete 36, 195–212 (1976)
Chen, Z.-Q., Fitzsimmons, P.J., Takeda, M., Ying, J., Zhang, T.-S.: Absolute continuity of symmetric Markov processes. Ann. Probab. 32, 2067–2098 (2004)
Chen, Z.-Q., Fukushima, M.: Symmetric Markov Processes, Time Changes and Boundary Theory. Princeton University Press, USA (2012)
Chen, Z.-Q., Shiozawa, Y.: Limit theorems for branching Markov processes. J. Funct. Anal. 250, 374–399 (2007)
Dunford, N., Schwartz, J.: Linear Operator, vol. I. Interscience, New York (1958)
Durrett, R.: Probability Theory and Examples, 4th edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2010)
Eckhoff, M., Kyprianou, A.E., Winkel, M.: Spine, skeletons and the strong law of large numbers. Ann. Probab. 43(5), 2545–2610 (2015)
Engländer, J.: Law of large numbers for superdiffusions: the non-ergodic case. Ann. Inst. Henri Poincaré Probab. Stat. 45, 1–6 (2009)
Engländer, J., Harris, S.C., Kyprianou, A.E.: Strong law of large numbers for branching diffusions. Ann. Inst. Henri Poincaré Probab. Stat. 46, 279–298 (2010)
Engländer, J., Kyprianou, A.E.: Local extinction versus local exponential growth for spatial branching processes. Ann. Probab. 32, 78–99 (2003)
Fukushima, M., Oshima, Y., Takeda, M.: Dirichlet Forms and Symmetric Markov Processes. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin (1994)
Hardy, R., Harris, S.C.: A spine approach to branching diffusions with applications to \(L^p\)-convergence of martingales. In: Donad-Martin, C., Émery, M., Rouault, A., Stricker, C. (eds.) Séminaire de Probabilitiés XLII, 1979, pp. 281–330 (2009)
Kaleta, K., Lőrinczi, J.: Analytic properties of fractional Schrödinger semigroups and Gibbs measures for symmetric stable processes (2010). arXiv:1011.2713, preprint
Kim, P., Song, R.: Estimates on Green functions and Schrödinger-type equations for non-symmetric diffusions with measure-valued drifts. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 332, 57–80 (2007)
Liu, R.-L., Ren, Y.-X., Song, R.: \(L\log L\) criteria for a class of superdiffusions. J. Appl. Probab. 46, 479–496 (2009)
Liu, R.-L., Ren, Y.-X., Song, R.: \(L\log L\) conditions for supercritical branching Hunt processes. J. Theor. Probab. 24, 170–193 (2011)
Ren, Y.-X., Song, R., Zhang, R.: Central limit theorems for supercritical branching Markov processes. J. Funct. Anal. 266, 1716–1756 (2014)
Riahi, L.: Comparison of Green functions and harmonic measures for parabolic operators. Potential Anal. 23, 381–402 (2005)
Schaeffer, H.H.: Banach Lattices and Positive Operators. Springer, New York (1974)
Shiozawa, Y.: Exponential growth of the numbers of particles for branching symmetric \(\alpha \)-stable processes. J. Math. Soc. Jpn. 60, 75–116 (2008)
Stollman, P., Voigt, J.: Perturbation of Dirichlet forms by measures. Potential Anal. 5, 109–138 (1996)
Watanabe, S.: On the branching process for Brownian particles with an absorbing boundary. J. Math. Kyoto Univ. 4, 385–398 (1965)
Watanabe, S.: Limit theorems for a class of branching processes. In: Chover, J. (ed.) Markov Processes and Potential Theory, pp. 205–232. Wiley, New York (1967)
Acknowledgments
The research of Zhen-Qing Chen is partially supported by NSF Grant DMS-1206276 and NNSFC 11128101. The research of Yan-Xia Ren is supported by NNSFC (Grant Nos. 11271030 and 11128101). The research of Ting Yang is partially supported by NNSF of China (Grant No. 11501029) and Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chen, ZQ., Ren, YX. & Yang, T. Law of Large Numbers for Branching Symmetric Hunt Processes with Measure-Valued Branching Rates. J Theor Probab 30, 898–931 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10959-016-0671-y
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10959-016-0671-y