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The dramatic influence of gelation solvent choice on the structure and mechanical properties of resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogels

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Abstract

Resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogels were synthesised using acid-catalysed polycondensation of resorcinol and formaldehyde in acetonitrile or dimethyl sulfoxide, followed by supercritical drying in CO2. The structure and mechanical properties of the aerogels were analysed using low temperature nitrogen adsorption, scanning electron microscopy, small-angle neutron scattering and stress-strain measurements in compression regime. The resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogels possessed a high specific surface area (200–510 m2/g) and porosity (41–82%), with a surface fractal dimension of 2.2–2.5. The mechanical strength of the materials reached high values (up to 31 MPa) and was well correlated with the density of aerogels (0.27–0.86 g/cm3). The results obtained demonstrate the dramatic influence of the nature of a solvent used during the gelation of resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogels on their structure and properties.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Project No. 19-73-20125) and performed using the equipment of the JRC PMR IGIC RAS. Supercritical drying of the aerogels was conducted using the experimental facilities of IPAC RAS (Theme No. 0090-2019-0002). Mechanical properties were studied at IMET RAS (Task No. 075-00715-22-00).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Severnij Pr., Chernogolovka, Russia, 142432

    Sergey A. Lermontov, Alena N. Malkova & Natalia A. Sipyagina

  2. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Av., Moscow, Russia, 119991

    Anastasia А. Kolmakova, Alexander E. Baranchikov, Olga S. Ivanova & Vladimir K. Ivanov

  3. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Leninsky Av., Moscow, Russia, 119334

    Mikhail A. Kaplan, Alexander S. Baikin & Alexey G. Kolmakov

  4. Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC KI, 1 Orlova Roshcha, Gatchina, Russia, 188300

    Gennady P. Kopitsa

  5. Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 6 Joliot-Curie Str., Dubna, Russia, 141980

    Yulia E. Gorshkova

  6. Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya Street 16а, Kazan, Russia, 420008

    Yulia E. Gorshkova

Authors
  1. Sergey A. Lermontov
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  2. Alena N. Malkova
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  11. Yulia E. Gorshkova
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  12. Vladimir K. Ivanov
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Alena N. Malkova, Anastasia А. Kolmakova, Natalia A. Sipyagina, Mikhail A. Kaplan, Alexander S. Baikin, Gennady P. Kopitsa, Olga S. Ivanova and Yulia E. Gorshkova. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Sergey A. Lermontov, Alexander E. Baranchikov, Alexey G. Kolmakov and Vladimir K. Ivanov and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Alexander E. Baranchikov.

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Lermontov, S.A., Malkova, A.N., Kolmakova, A.А. et al. The dramatic influence of gelation solvent choice on the structure and mechanical properties of resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogels. J Porous Mater 30, 589–598 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-022-01365-4

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