Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Hafnium pentachloride ionic liquid for isomorphic and postsynthesis of HfKIT-6 mesoporous silica: catalytic performances of Pd/SO4 2−/HfKIT-6

  • Published:
Journal of Porous Materials Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Isomorphic substitution or post-synthesis incorporation of hafnium into KIT-6 mesoporous material has been fabricated for the first time in highly acidic media using triethylamine hafnium pentachloride ionic liquid (TEA-HfCl5) as a novel hafnium precursor ionic liquid (Si/Hf molar ratio of 90). The prepared catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transfer infrared (FT-IR), pyridine-FT-IR, N2-adsorption, transmission electron microscopy and the surface acidity was tested by temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD) of ammonia. The effect of the nature of hafnium source in the KIT-6 synthesis has been investigated using different hafnium source, viz., triethylamine hafnium pentachloride ionic and hafnium chloride. Triethylamine hafnium pentachloride ionic was found to be the better hafnium source for HfKIT-6 material synthesis and enhanced the amount of hafnium incorporation in the KIT-6 silica walls. ICP-AES studies evidenced that the proportion of Hf4+ increases using triethylamine hafnium pentachloride ionic. The catalytic performance of SO4 2−/HfKIT-6 was investigated by cracking of 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene, esterification of acetic acid with n-butanol, while Pd/SO4 2−/HfKIT-6 was examined by n-C7 isomerization reaction. Our findings indicated that HfKIT-6 prepared by ionic liquid approach offered distinct structural and surface features, particularly in terms of Brønsted and Lewis acid site contents. As compared with SO4 2−/HfKIT-6 (direct ionic liquid) and SO4 2−/HfKIT-6 (direct), SO4 2−/HfKIT-6 prepared by post ionic liquid exhibited higher yield percentage of 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene cracking and n-butyl acetate yield. Furthermore, Pd/SO4 2−/HfKIT-6 catalyst prepared by post ionic liquid shows high isomerization activities compared with Pd/SO4 2−/HfKIT-6 prepared by direct method using TEA-HfCl5 ionic liquid or HfCl4 materials.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Scheme 1
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. I.T. Horvath, P.T. Anastas, Chem. Rev. 107, 2167 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. I.T. Horvath, P.T. Anastas, Chem. Rev. 107, 2169 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. G. Busca, Chem. Rev. 107(11), 5366–5410 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. A. Corma, Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci. 2, 63 (1997)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. A. Sayari, Chem. Mater. 8, 1840–1852 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. A. Vinu, V. Murugesan, M. Hartmann, Chem. Mater. 15, 1385–1393 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. C.T. Kresge, M.E. Leonowicz, W.J. Roth, J.C. Vartuli, J.S. Beck, Nature 359, 710 (1992)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. M.A. Betiha, S.A. Mahmoud, M.F. Menoufy, A.M. Al-Sabagh, Appl. Catal. B 107, 316 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. J.R. Grzechowiak, K. Mrozi_nska, A. Masalska, J. G_oralski, J. Rynkowski, W. Tylus, Catal. Today 114, 272 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. A. Wang, Y. Wang, T. Kabe, Y. Chen, A. Ishihara, W. Qian, P. Yao, J. Catal. 210, 319 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. A.S. Khder, H.M.A. Hassan, M.S. El-Shall, Appl. Catal. A 411–412, 77 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. A. Monnier, F. Schuth, Q. Huo, D. Kumar, D. Margolese, R.S. Maxwell, G.D. Stucky, M. Krishnamurty, P. Petroff, A. Firouzi, M. Janicke, B.F. Chmelka, Science 261, 1299 (1993)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. T.-W. Kim, F. Kleitz, B. Paul, R. Ryoo, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 7601 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. L. Wang, L. Wang, J. Zhang, J. Mater. Sci. 44, 6512–6518 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Q. Zhao, X. Zhou, M. Ji, D. Wu, T. Jiang, H. Yin, Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 384, 513 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Z. Luan, J.Y. Bae, L. Kevan, Chem. Mater. 12(3202), 14 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Y. Wh, Y.J. Chen, L. Min, H. Fang, Z.Y. Yan, H.L. Wang, J.Q. Wang, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chemical 246(162), 15 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Y.F. Shao, L.Z. Wang, J.L. Zhang, M. Anpo, Micropor. Mesopor. Mater 109(271), 16 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  19. M.S. Hamdy, G. Mul, W. Wei, R. Anand, U. Hanefeld, J.C. Jansen, J.A. Moulijn, Catal. Today 110, 264 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Y.M. Wang, Z.Y. Wu, L.Y. Shi, J.H. Zhu, Adv Mater 17(323), 18 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Y.M. Wang, Z.Y. Wu, H.J. Wang, J.H. Zhu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 16, 2374 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. M. Rafti, A. Brunsen, M.C. Fuertes, O. Azzaroni, G.J. Soler-Illia, A.C.S. Appl, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 5, 8833–8840 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. M. Delgado, C. Santini, F. Delbecq, R. Wischert, B. Le Guennic, G. Tosin, R. Spitz, J.-M. Basset, P.J. Sautet, Phys. Chem. C 114, 18516–18528 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. M.A. Betiha, H.M.A. Hassan, A.M. Al-Sabagh, A.E.R.S. Khderand, A.E.R.S. Khderand, E.A. Ahmed, J. Mater. Chem. 22, 17551 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. A.S. Khder, H.M.A. Hassan, M.A. Betiha, K.S. Khairou, A.A. Ibrahim, Reac Kinet. Mech. Cat. 112(61–75), 63 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  26. G. Glaspell, H.M.A. Hassan, A. Elzatahry, V. Abdalsayed, M.S. El-Shall, Top. Catal. 47, 22 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. A. Betiha, M.F. Menoufy, A.M. Al-Sabagh, H.M.A. Hassan, S.A. Mahmoud, Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 204, 15–24 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. M. Solymana, M.A. Betiha, Egypt. J. Pet. 23, 247–254 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. O.V. Manoilova, R. Olindoa, C.O. Areán, J.A. Lercher, Catal. Commun. 8, 865 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. K.S.W. Sing, D.H. Everett, R.A.W. Haul, L. Moscou, R.A. Pierotti, J. Rouquerol, T. Siemieniewska, Pure Appl. Chem. 57, 603 (1985)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. S.E. Dapurkar, P. Selvam, Appl. Catal. A 254, 239–249 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. F. Babou, G. Coudurier, J.C. Védrine, J. Catal. 152, 341–349 (1995)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. P.M. Pacheco, J.M. Domınguez, L. Bucio, F. Alvarez, U. Sedran, M. Falco, Catal. Today 166, 25–38 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. K.B. Fogash, Z. Hong, J.M. Kobe, J.A. Dumesic, Appl. Catal. 172, 107–116 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. J.A. Moreno, G. Poncelet, J. Catal. 203, 453–461 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Y. Sun, S. Walspurger, B. Louis, J. Sommer, Appl. Catal. 292, 200–207 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. A. Corma, J. Martinez-Triguero, S. Valencia, E. Benazzi, S. Lacombe, J. Catal. 206, 125–133 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. M.A. Betiha, A.M. Rabie, A.M. Elfadly, F.Z. Yehia, Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 222, 44–54 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Z. Diao, L. Wang, X. Zhang, C. Liu, Chem. Eng. Sci. 135, 452–460 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt

    Hassan M. A. Hassan & M. Gallab

  2. Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo, 11727, Egypt

    Mohamed A. Betiha & Mohsen Mostafa

  3. Department of Chemistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt

    Abd El Rahman S. Khder

Authors
  1. Hassan M. A. Hassan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mohamed A. Betiha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Abd El Rahman S. Khder
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mohsen Mostafa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. M. Gallab
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Hassan M. A. Hassan or Mohamed A. Betiha.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Hassan, H.M.A., Betiha, M.A., Khder, A.E.R.S. et al. Hafnium pentachloride ionic liquid for isomorphic and postsynthesis of HfKIT-6 mesoporous silica: catalytic performances of Pd/SO4 2−/HfKIT-6. J Porous Mater 23, 1339–1351 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-016-0193-0

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-016-0193-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation