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Relatedness between contemporary and subfossil cladoceran assemblages in Turkish lakes

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Abstract

Cladocerans are valuable indicators of environmental change in lakes. Their fossils provide information on past changes in lake environments. However, few studies have quantitatively examined the relationships between contemporary and sub-fossil cladoceran assemblages and no investigations are available from Mediterranean lakes where salinity, eutrophication and top-down control of large-bodied cladocerans are known to be important. Here we compared contemporary Cladocera assemblages, sampled in summer, from both littoral and pelagic zones, with their sub-fossil remains from surface sediment samples from 40 Turkish, mainly shallow, lakes. A total of 20 and 27 taxa were recorded in the contemporary and surface sediment samples, respectively. Procrustes rotation was applied to both the principal components analysis (PCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA) ordinations in order to explore the relationship between the cladoceran community and the environmental variables. Procrustes rotation analysis based on PCA showed a significant accord between both littoral and combined pelagic–littoral contemporary and sedimentary assemblages. RDA ordinations indicated that a similar proportion of variance was explained by environmental variation for the contemporary and fossil Cladocera data. Total phosphorus and salinity were significant explanatory variables for the contemporary assemblage, whereas salinity emerged as the only significant variable for the sedimentary assemblage. The residuals from the Procrustes rotation identified a number of lakes with a high degree of dissimilarity between modern and sub-fossil assemblages. Analysis showed that high salinity, deep water and high macrophyte abundance were linked to a lower accord between contemporary and sedimentary assemblages. This low accord was, generally the result of poor representation of some salinity tolerant, pelagic and macrophyte-associated taxa in the contemporary samples. This study provides further confirmation that there is a robust relationship between samples of modern cladoceran assemblages and their sedimentary remains. Thus, sub-fossil cladoceran assemblages from sediment cores can be used with confidence to track long-term changes in this environmentally sensitive group and in Mediterranean lakes, subjected to large inter-annual variation in water level, salinity and nutrients.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to S. L. Amsinck, L. S. Johansson and K. Jensen for help with the identification of cladoceran remains. This study was supported by Middle East Technical University (METU)-BAP programme of Turkey (BAP.07.02.2009-2012), TÜBİTAK-ÇAYDAG (Projects Nos: 105Y332 and 110Y125) and FP-7 REFRESH (Adaptive strategies to Mitigate the Impacts of Climate Change on European Freshwater Ecosystems, Contract No.: 244121) and the MARS project (Managing Aquatic ecosystems and water Resources under multiple Stress) funded under the 7th EU Framework Programme, Theme 6 (Environment including Climate Change), Contract No.: 603378 (http://www.mars-project.eu). AİÇ, ÜNT and EET were also supported by TÜBİTAK (Project Nos.: 105Y332 and 110Y125), TB was supported by TÜBİTAK 2211 Scholarship Programme, AÖ was supported by METU-ÖYP Programme, and TAD’s contribution was supported by CIRCE, funded by the AUFF–AU Ideas program. AİÇ is also thankful to the EU-Erasmus Student Exchange Programme for the fellowship during her stay in Denmark. The authors are grateful to A. M. Poulsen for editing the manuscript. We also want to thank Lisa Doner, Korhan Özkan, Damla Beton, Şeyda Erdoğan, Gizem Bezirci, Nur Filiz, Burcu Yeşilbudak, Seval Özcan, Ceran Şekeryapan, Mengü Türk, Semra Yalçın and Mukadder Arslan for their invaluable support for this work both in the field and in the laboratory.

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  1. Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Middle East Technical University, Üniversiteler Mahallesi, Dumlupınar Bulvarı, 06800, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey

    A. İdil Çakıroğlu, Ü. Nihan Tavşanoğlu, Eti E. Levi, Tuba Bucak, Arda Özen & Meryem Beklioğlu

  2. Department of Bioscience and the Arctic Centre (ARC), Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark

    Thomas A. Davidson & Erik Jeppesen

  3. Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity Group, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark

    Thomas A. Davidson

  4. Department of Forest Engineering, Çankırı Karatekin University, 18200, Çankırı, Turkey

    Arda Özen

  5. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Literature, Pamukkale Universtiy, 20070, Kınıklı, Denizli, Turkey

    Gürçay K. Akyıldız

  6. Greenland Climate Research Centre (GCRC), Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Kivioq 2, P.O. Box 570, 3900, Nuuk, Greenland

    Erik Jeppesen

  7. Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research (SDC), Beijing, China

    Erik Jeppesen

  8. Kemal Kurdaş Ecological Research and Training Stations, Lake Eymir, Middle East Technical University, Oran Mahallesi, 06400, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey

    Meryem Beklioğlu

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  1. A. İdil Çakıroğlu
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Çakıroğlu, A.İ., Tavşanoğlu, Ü.N., Levi, E.E. et al. Relatedness between contemporary and subfossil cladoceran assemblages in Turkish lakes. J Paleolimnol 52, 367–383 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-014-9799-x

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