Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Recovery of Valuable Hydrocarbons from Waste Polystyrene Using Zinc Supported Catalysts

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Polymers and the Environment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Zn supported catalysts were prepared by impregnating different percentages of zinc on Al2O3, Mmn and AC supports. 20 % Zn–Al2O3 was found with better catalytic performance for the pyrolysis of PS. Catalytic activity of Zn supported catalysts increased with the increase of Zn percentage up to 20 % and then remain constant for all the supports. The yield of liquid products was 90.20 ± 0.35 wt% using 20 % Zn–Al2O3 catalyst. The liquid products were mostly composed of desirable low molecular weight hydrocarbons. The composition of toluene, ethylbenzene, styrene, α-methylstyrene were 11.79, 7.35, 62.88, 4.58 wt%, respectively.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Liu RZ, Borthwick AGL, Lan DD, Zeng WH (2013) Process Saf Environ Prot 91(5):397–404

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Brems A, Baeyens J, Beerlandt J, Dewil R (2011) Resour Conserv Recycl 55(8):772–781

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Andrady AL, Neal MA (2009) Philos Trans R Soc B 364(1526):1977–1984

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Sastri VR (2014) 6—Commodity thermoplastics: polyvinyl chloride, polyolefins, and polystyrene. In: Sastri VR (ed) Plastics in medical devices, 2nd edn. William Andrew Publishing, Oxford, pp 73–120

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  5. Islam MR, Parveen M, Haniu H, Islam MR (2010) Int J Environ Res Sci Dev 1(1):89–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Mølgaard C (1995) Resour Conserv Recycl 15(1):51–63

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Eriksen M, Maximenko N, Thiel M, Cummins A, Lattin G, Wilson S, Hafner J, Zellers A, Rifman S (2013) Mar Pollut Bull 68(1–2):71–76

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. vom Saal FS, Parmigiani S, Palanza PL, Everett LG, Ragaini R (2008) Environ Res 108(2):127–130

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Chauhan RS, Gopinath S, Razdan P, Delattre C, Nirmala GS, Natarajan R (2008) Waste Manag (Oxford) 28(11):2140–2145

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Blazsó M (1997) J Anal Appl Pyrol 39(1):1–25

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Karaduman A, Şimşek EH, Çiçek B, Bilgesü AY (2001) J Anal Appl Pyrol 60(2):179–186

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Lee C-G, Kim J-S, Song P-S, Choi G-S, Kang Y, Choi M-J (2003) Korean J Chem Eng 20(1):133–137

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Kronholm J, Vastamäki P, Räsänen R, Ahonen A, Hartonen K, Riekkola M-L (2006) Ind Eng Chem Res 45(9):3029–3035

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Liu Y, Qian J, Wang J (2000) Fuel Process Technol 63(1):45–55

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Chumbhale VR, Kim JS, Lee WY, Song SH, Lee SB, Choi MJ (2005) J Ind Eng Chem 11(2):253–260

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Huang K, Tang L-H, Zhu Z-B, Ying W-Y (2006) J Anal Appl Pyrol 76(1–2):186–190

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Kiran N, Ekinci E, Snape CE (2000) Resour Conserv Recy 29(4):273–283

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Zhibo Z, Nishio S, Morioka Y, Ueno A, Ohkita H, Tochihara Y, Mizushima T, Kakuta N (1996) Catal Today 29(1–4):303–308

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Layman P (1993) Germany’s big chemical firms cut dividends. Chem Eng News 71:4–5

    Google Scholar 

  20. Kruse TM, Levine SE, Wong H-W, Duoss E, Lebovitz AH, Torkelson JM, Broadbelt LJ (2005) J Anal Appl Pyrol 73(2):342–354

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Suyama K, Kubota M, Shirai M, Yoshida H (2010) Polym Degrad Stab 95(9):1588–1592

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Murata K, Brebu M, Sakata Y (2009) J Anal Appl Pyrol 86(1):33–38

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Karaduman A, Şimşek EH, Çiçek B, Bilgesü AY (2002) J Anal Appl Pyrol 62(2):273–280

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Xue F, Takeda D, Kimura T, Minabe M (2004) Polym Degrad Stab 83(3):461–466

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Shin HY, Bae SY (2008) J Appl Polym Sci 108(6):3467–3472

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Tiwary P, Guria C (2010) J Polym Environ 18(3):298–307

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Ukei H, Hirose T, Horikawa S, Takai Y, Taka M, Azuma N, Ueno A (2000) Catal Today 62(1):67–75

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Sokolowski J, Rokicki G, Marczewski M, Szewczyk K (2008) Magazine Tech Chemia R 105(z. 2-Ch):311–321

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Kim S-S, Kim J, Jeon J-K, Park Y-K, Park C-J (2013) Renew Energy 54:241–247

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Tae J-W, Jang B-S, Kim J-R, Kim I, Park D-W (2004) Solid State Ion 172(1–4):129–133

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Lee KH (2008) Polym Degrad Stab 93(7):1284–1289

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Lee S-Y, Yoon J-H, Kim J-R, Park D-W (2002) J Anal Appl Pyrol 64(1):71–83

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. García RA, Serrano DP, Otero D (2005) J Anal Appl Pyrol 74(1–2):379–386

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Seddegi ZS, Budrthumal U, Al-Arfaj AA, Al-Amer AM, Barri SAI (2002) Appl Catal A 225(1–2):167–176

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Achilias DS, Roupakias C, Megalokonomos P, Lappas AA, Antonakou ΕV (2007) J Hazard Mater 149(3):536–542

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Marcilla A, García-Quesada JC, Sánchez S, Ruiz R (2005) J Anal Appl Pyrol 74(1–2):387–392

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Corma A, Iborra S, Miquel S, Primo J (1998) J Catal 173(2):315–321

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Pinto F, Costa P, Gulyurtlu I, Cabrita I (1999) J Anal Appl Pyrol 51(1–2):57–71

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Xie C, Liu F, Yu S, Xie F, Li L, Zhang S, Yang J (2008) Catal Commun 9(6):1132–1136

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Kim J-S, Lee W-Y, Lee S-B, Kim S-B, Choi M-J (2003) Catal Today 87(1–4):59–68

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Clacens J-M, Genuit D, Veldurthy B, Bergeret G, Delmotte L, Garcia-Ruiz A, Figueras F (2004) Appl Catal B 53(2):95–100

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Tu M, Davis RJ (2001) J Catal 199(1):85–91

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Halasz J, Voneki K, Krajko J (2009) Ann Facul Eng Hunedoara 7(4):37–42

    Google Scholar 

  44. Shah J, Jan MR, Adnan (2014) J Ind Eng Chem 20(5):3604–3611

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Adnan, Shah J, Jan MR (2014) J Anal Appl Pyrol 109:196–204

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Williams PT, Bagri R (2004) Int J Energy Res 28(1):31–44

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Guoxi X, Rui L, Qinhu T, Jinghua L (1999) J Appl Polym Sci 73(7):1139–1143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Zhao XS, Lu MGQ, Song C (2003) J Mol Catal A: Chem 191(1):67–74

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Lee SY, Yoon JH, Kim JR, Park DW (2001) Polym Degrad Stab 74(2):297–305

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Audisio G, Bertini F, Beltrame PL, Carniti P (1990) Polym Degrad Stab 29(2):191–200

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Marczewski M, Kamińska E, Marczewska H, Godek M, Rokicki G, Sokołowski J (2013) Appl Catal B 129:236–246

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Kruse TM, Woo OS, Broadbelt LJ (2001) Chem Eng Sci 56(3):971–979

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Lin R, White RL (1997) J Appl Polym Sci 63(10):1287–1298

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Faravelli T, Pinciroli M, Pisano F, Bozzano G, Dente M, Ranzi E (2001) J Anal Appl Pyrol 60(1):103–121

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Woo OS, Ayala N, Broadbelt LJ (2000) Catal Today 55(1–2):161–171

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Hussain Z, Khan KM, Hussain K (2010) J Anal Appl Pyrol 89(1):39–43

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors highly acknowledge the funding source of Higher Education Commission of Pakistan (Grant No. 21-445 SRGP/R&D/HEC/2014) for the current study under Start-up Grant for IPFP.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Swat, Swat, 19130, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

    Adnan

  2. Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

    Adnan, Jasmin Shah & Muhammad Rasul Jan

Authors
  1. Adnan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jasmin Shah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Muhammad Rasul Jan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Adnan.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Adnan, Shah, J. & Jan, M.R. Recovery of Valuable Hydrocarbons from Waste Polystyrene Using Zinc Supported Catalysts. J Polym Environ 25, 759–769 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-016-0858-4

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-016-0858-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation