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Impact of Solvent Selection on Graft Co-polymerization of Acrylamide Onto Starch

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Abstract

The impact on polymer properties [molecular weight, monomer conversion, graft content, graft efficiency and anhydroglucose units between grafts (AGU/graft)] that result from changing the solvent for the graft co-polymerization of acrylamide onto starch from water to dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was evaluated. Other reaction conditions were varied to determine their impact on properties, including solution solids (2.8–10.5 %), acrylamide (0.18–0.89 M), initiator (0.91–3.78 mM), and temperature (40–90 °C). Changing the solvent from water to DMSO had a large impact on the properties of the starch graft co-polymer at all reaction conditions. The most important difference was observed in the architecture of the resulting starch graft co-polymer. The number average molecular weight (Mn) of the polyacrylamide grafts as well as the number of AGU/graft was much lower when the reaction was performed in DMSO; the polymer was more comb-like. When conducted in water the Mn of the polyacrylamide grafts could be as high as 450,000 with over 6,500 AGU/graft. When DMSO was the solvent the Mn could be as low as 7,500 with 200 AGU/graft. The ability to control and generate starch graft co-polymers with dramatically different architecture may allow starch to be tuned to deliver improved properties for current or new applications.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Polymer Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA/Agricultural Research Service, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL, 61604, USA

    Gordon W. Selling, Kelly D. Utt, Victoria Finkenstadt, Sanghoon Kim & Atanu Biswas

Authors
  1. Gordon W. Selling
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  2. Kelly D. Utt
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  3. Victoria Finkenstadt
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  4. Sanghoon Kim
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  5. Atanu Biswas
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Correspondence to Gordon W. Selling.

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Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. The USDA is an equal opportunity employer.

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Selling, G.W., Utt, K.D., Finkenstadt, V. et al. Impact of Solvent Selection on Graft Co-polymerization of Acrylamide Onto Starch. J Polym Environ 23, 294–301 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-015-0714-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-015-0714-y

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