Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A mathematical approach to chemical equilibrium theory for gaseous systems—III: \(\hbox {Q}_\mathrm{p}\), \(\hbox {Q}_\mathrm{c}\), and \(\hbox {Q}_{\mathrm{x}}\)

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Mathematical Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The reaction quotient Q can be expressed in partial pressures as \(\hbox {Q}_\mathrm{P}\) or in mole fractions as \(\hbox {Q}_{\mathrm{x}}\). \(\hbox {Q}_\mathrm{P}\) is ostensibly more useful than \(\hbox {Q}_{\mathrm{x}}\) because the related \(\hbox {K}_{\mathrm{x}}\) is a constant for a chemical equilibrium in which T and P are kept constant while \(\hbox {K}_{\mathrm{P}}\) is an equilibrium constant under more general conditions in which only T is constant. However, as demonstrated in this work, \(\hbox {Q}_{\mathrm{x}}\) is in fact more important both theoretically and technically. The relationships between \(\hbox {Q}_{\mathrm{x}}\), \(\hbox {Q}_\mathrm{P}\), and \(\hbox {Q}_{\mathrm{C}}\) are discussed. Four examples of applications are given in detail.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Y. Liu, Y. Liu, M.G.B. Drew, J. Math. Chem. 51, 715–740 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Y. Liu, Y. Liu, M.G.B. Drew, J. Math. Chem. 51, 741–762 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. I.N. Levine, Physical Chemistry, 6th edn. (McGraw-Hill, New York, 2009)

    Google Scholar 

  4. J. de Heer, J. Chem. Educ. 34(8), 375–380 (1957)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Y. Liu, Z. He, Y. Liu, Pingheng Lilun (Equilibrium Theory), in Chinese (Chemical Industry Press, Beijing, 1995). http://ishare.iask.sina.com.cn/f/35402051.html

  6. Y. Liu, Y. Liu, Lilun Huaxue (Theoretical Chemistry), in Chinese (Heilongjiang Science and Technology Press, Harbin, 2002). http://ishare.iask.sina.com.cn/f/35402058.html

  7. M.J. Hillert, J. Phase Equilib. 16(5), 403 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Z. Liu, J. Agren, M. Hillert, Fluid Phase Equilib. 121, 167 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. L. Katz, J. Chem. Educ. 38, 375–378 (1961)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. F.G. Helfferich, J. Chem. Educ. 62, 305 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Y. Liu, Y. Liu, J. Mudanjiang Teach. Coll. (Nat. Sci. Ed.), 19–21 (1994); in Chinese. http://2010.cqvip.com/qk/97597X/199401/1433856.html

  12. Y. Liu, H. Du, Y. Liu, Nat. Sci. J. Harbin Normal Univ. 16(5), 52–57 (2000); in Chinese. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-HEBY200005013.htm

  13. Y. Liu, X. Li, Y. Liu, Huaxue Jiaoyuxue (Chemistry Teaching and Learning) (7), 70–72 (2013); in Chinese. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HXJY201307028.htm

  14. Y. Liu, Y. Liu, M.G.B. Drew, Coord. Chem. Rev. 260, 37–64 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  15. http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/500845?generatepdf=true

Download references

Acknowledgments

We acknowledge support from Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials (1551), and Shenyang Normal University (Shiyanshi Zhuren Jijin Syzx1004 and Syzx1102).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Chemistry and Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, 110034, People’s Republic of China

    Ying Liu & Yue Liu

  2. School of Chemistry, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK

    Michael G. B. Drew

Authors
  1. Ying Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Michael G. B. Drew
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yue Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yue Liu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Liu, Y., Drew, M.G.B. & Liu, Y. A mathematical approach to chemical equilibrium theory for gaseous systems—III: \(\hbox {Q}_\mathrm{p}\), \(\hbox {Q}_\mathrm{c}\), and \(\hbox {Q}_{\mathrm{x}}\) . J Math Chem 52, 1191–1200 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10910-014-0306-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10910-014-0306-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation