Abstract
Anointing and grooming behaviors of the adult of Singapora shinshana (Matsumura) (Erythroneurini), Empoascanara (Empoascanara) mai Dworakowska (Erythroneurini), Austroasca vittata (Lethierry) (Empoascini), and Limassolla diospyri Chou et Ma (Zyginellini) were recorded and analysed. Through observation and analysis of their anointing and grooming, we found that there is a preparation stage before anointing behavior in typhlocybines. Anointing and grooming are repeated several times and the numbers and interval times differ from species to species among the Typhlocybinae. Ultramorphological examination of brochosomes and the morphology of the brochosome field, metathoracic tibiae and the structures on the head, face, mesothorax and pygofer of E. mai were done using a scanning electron microscope. Brochosomes (IBS) on the cuticle of typhlocybine adults were spherical visible above these integument. Characteristics of anointing and grooming behavior, the provide evidence that the brochosome field may function as a storage site in preparation for the next grooming session.
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Acknowledgments
We would like to express our sincere thanks to Dr. I. Dworakowska (Retired, Canada) and Dr. M. Fletcher (The head of the Agricultural Scientific Collections Unit at Orange Agricultural Institute, Australian) for reviewing the manuscript and suggesting improvements and to Dr. John Richard Schrock (Director of Biology Education, Emporia State University, USA) for copyreading. The present project is supported by “The National Natural Science Foundation of China” (30770262), “The natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province” (2012JM3002), “The Ministry of Education of China”(20110204110004, TS2011XBNL061) and partly by “Northwest A & F University Grants for Outstanding Young Faculty Members” (Z111020905).
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(video1.mpg) preparation stage of S. shinshana (WMV 84 kb)
(video2.mpg) preparation stage of Limassolla diospyri (WMV 128 kb)
(video3.mpg) anointing behavior of S. shinshana (WMV 850 kb)
(video4.mpg) anointing behavior of Limassolla diospyri (WMV 538 kb)
(video5.mpg) grooming behavior of S.shinshana (WMV 1422 kb)
(video 6.mpg) grooming behavior of L. diospyri (WMV 2673 kb)
(video 7.mpg) E. mai groom synchronously (WMV 585 kb)
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Dong, Hy., Huang, M. Analysis of the Anointing and Grooming Behavior of Several Adult Insects in Typhlocybinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). J Insect Behav 26, 540–549 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10905-012-9370-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10905-012-9370-4