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The Chinese Community Smoking Cessation Project: A Community Sensitive Intervention Trial

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Abstract

This paper describes (1) the design, methods and baseline data of the first smoking cessation clinical trial for Chinese Americans with medical conditions - Chinese Community Smoking Cessation Project (CCSCP); (2) the collaborative process between researchers and the Chinese community; and (3) the barriers and facilitators of implementing the study. CCSCP was a culturally tailored, randomized, smoking cessation trial testing the efficacy of an intensive (physician advice, in-person counseling with nicotine replacement therapy, 5 telephone calls) compared to a minimal (physician advice and self-help manual) intervention. The study applied a community-sensitive research method involving community members in all phases of the research process in San Francisco Bay Area during 2001–2007. CCSCP recruited 464 smokers from health care facilities (79%) located in Chinese neighborhoods and through Chinese language media (21%). Baseline assessments and interventions were conducted in-person using translated and tested questionnaire and intervention materials. The majority of the participants were men (91%) with a mean age of 58.3 years, foreign born (98%), with less than high school education (58%), spoke no English (42%) and in non-skilled or semi-skilled occupations (60%) with <$20,000 household income (51%). Participants smoked regularly on an average 38.6 ± 17 years, smoked 9.1 ± 8 cigarettes per day and 85% smoked daily. Cultural tailoring of recruitment methods and intervention design led to successful enrollment and retention of participants, overcoming barriers faced by the participants. Community sensitive collaborative process facilitated implementation of study protocol in community health care settings.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by NIH-National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute’s project, R01 HL69363 to Principal Investigator, Candice C. Wong, MD, Ph.D. We thank the following persons and institutions for their assistance on the Chinese Community Smoking Cessation Project: Chinese Hospital (San Francisco, California) with Meggy Chung, Angela Sun, and Elena Tinloy, PharmD; Chinese Community Health and Chinese Community Health Care Association (San Francisco, California) with Edward Chow, MD; Chinatown Public Health Center (San Francisco, California) with Lei-Chun Fung and Alexander Li, MD; Sunset Health Services with Jian Zheng, NP; Kaiser Permanente Medical Groups (San Francisco and Oakland, California) Lilian Chan, NP, Eugene Lau, MD, Ph.D., and Pansy Wong, MD; Raymond Hong and Diana Lau, RN for data management and project coordinator; and Kelvin Quan JD, MPH for editorial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, 2 Koret Way, N631, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0610, USA

    Candice C. Wong

  2. Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Avenue (0984-TRC), San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA

    Janice Y. Tsoh

  3. Department of Internal Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, 4150 V Street, Suite 2400, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA

    Elisa K. Tong

  4. Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA

    Fred B. Hom

  5. University of California, San Francisco, 2 Koret Way, N604, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA

    Bruce Cooper

  6. Chinese Community Health Care Association, Chinese Community Health Plan, 445 Grant Avenue, Suite 700, San Francisco, CA, 94108, USA

    Edward A. Chow

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  1. Candice C. Wong
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  2. Janice Y. Tsoh
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  3. Elisa K. Tong
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  4. Fred B. Hom
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  5. Bruce Cooper
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  6. Edward A. Chow
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Candice C. Wong.

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Wong, C.C., Tsoh, J.Y., Tong, E.K. et al. The Chinese Community Smoking Cessation Project: A Community Sensitive Intervention Trial. J Community Health 33, 363–373 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-008-9114-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-008-9114-8

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