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Video Lottery is the Most Harmful Form of Gambling in Canada

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Abstract

This paper summarizes the degree to which different forms of legal gambling contribute to Problem and Pathological Gambling (PPG) in Canada. Legal gambling activities were compared using meta-analysis of publicly available data concerning Canada’s legal gambling industry. The majority of revenues in the decade spanning 2002–2012 were drawn from Video Lottery Terminals and casino slot machines. Population surveys indicated that three quarters of Canadians reported some form of past-year gambling participation, but most did not play Electronic Gambling Machines. Annual revenues divided by estimated numbers of participants in various gambling activities showed that Video Lottery players spent more money on average than did participants in other forms of gambling. The relative risk of PPG was higher among Video Lottery players than it was for other common forms of gambling. Results from a community study of frequent Video Lottery players showed that the risk of frequent players reporting symptoms of PPG was elevated if they reported playing weekly, spending $50 or more per session, or playing for more than an hour per session. These studies provide converging evidence that Video Lottery is more hazardous to consumers than other forms of gambling that are commonly practised in Canada.

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Acknowledgments

Portions of this research were funded by the Manitoba Gambling Research Program of Manitoba Liquor & Lotteries; however, the findings and conclusions of this paper are those solely of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of Manitoba Liquor & Lotteries. Special thanks to Robert Williams and to staff at the Liquor and Gaming Authority of Manitoba for their help in providing information about their gambling surveys. The author reports no real or potential conflicts of interest. All procedures performed in the study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of Brandon University, with Canadian Tricouncil Policy, and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments. Formal consent is not required for the retrospective analyses of public data sources that are reported in this paper.

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  1. Department of Psychology, Brandon University, 270 18th St., Brandon, MB, R7A-6A9, Canada

    Vance Victor MacLaren

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MacLaren, V.V. Video Lottery is the Most Harmful Form of Gambling in Canada. J Gambl Stud 32, 459–485 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-015-9560-z

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