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Thirty Years of Lottery Public Health Research: Methodological Strategies and Trends

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Abstract

Cognitive measurement techniques, such as self-reports of behavior and reaction time measures, largely dominate the field of psychological research. It is uncommon for researchers to examine a phenomenon of interest by observing actual behavior within natural settings. To illustrate the existence of this methodological trend for gambling research, this article reviews systematically selected samples of the peer-reviewed literature related to lottery gambling in general and the literature related to pathological gambling and lottery more specifically. The results indicate that self-report surveys dominate the extant lottery literature, and experimental investigations of video lottery terminal gambling supplement those papers. This landscape encourages researchers to expand their methodological approaches to the study of lottery gambling. Currently, we know more about what research participants tell us they do with respect to lottery gambling than we do about their real-life lottery gambling behavior.

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Notes

  1. Video lottery terminals (VLT) are multi-game electronic gaming machines that might include electronic versions of slots, lottery, poker, and more. Although some VLT games fall outside traditional definitions of lottery, we chose to retain papers of VLTs in our sample because of the numerous perceived harms associated with this type of gambling (e.g., Peller et al. 2008) and to avoid unnecessarily excluding papers of VLTs that do represent electronic versions of traditional lottery-type games.

  2. Values in Table 1 do not sum to those presented in the Method Frequency paragraph because the coding categories are non-exclusive.

  3. A paper by Hraba et al. (1990) was coded as an Epidemiological study because it appears the authors obtained rates of lottery participation among their household sample and rates of pathological gambling among the sub-set of lottery players. However, their results are not reviewed here because they do not provide prevalence rates.

  4. Here we use term “correlates” rather than “risk factors” because the term “risk factors” suggest a causal relationship between particular individual-level variables and an outcome (e.g., pathological gambling). The papers reviewed in this section cannot make claims about causal relationships because the data come from cross-sectional, rather than longitudinal, study designs.

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Acknowledgements

This paper is a product of the Division on Addictions. The National Center for Responsible Gaming provided support for this paper. We extend thanks to Christine Reilly and Christine Thurmond for their contributions to this project.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division on Addictions, Cambridge Health Alliance, Harvard Medical School, 101 Station Landing, Medford, MA, 02155, USA

    Debi A. LaPlante, Heather M. Gray & Howard J. Shaffer

  2. Division on Addictions, Cambridge Health Alliance, 101 Station Landing, Medford, MA, 02155, USA

    Leslie Bosworth

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  1. Debi A. LaPlante
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  2. Heather M. Gray
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  3. Leslie Bosworth
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Correspondence to Debi A. LaPlante.

Appendix: Complete List of Stage 1 Retrieved Papers

Appendix: Complete List of Stage 1 Retrieved Papers

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LaPlante, D.A., Gray, H.M., Bosworth, L. et al. Thirty Years of Lottery Public Health Research: Methodological Strategies and Trends. J Gambl Stud 26, 301–329 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-010-9185-1

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