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Formation of Pentosidine Cross-Linking in Myoglobin by Glyoxal: Detection of Fluorescent Advanced Glycation End Product

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Abstract

Glyoxal, a reactive α-oxoaldehyde, increases in diabetic condition and reacts with proteins to form advanced glycation end products (AGEs) following Maillard-like reaction. Considering the significance of protein modification by glyoxal-derived AGEs, we investigated the in vitro effect of glyoxal (200 μM) on the monomeric heme protein myoglobin (Mb) (100 μM) after incubation for one week at 25 °C. Glyoxal-treated Mb exhibited increased absorbance around the Soret region, decreased α-helicity and thermal stability compared to control Mb. Intrinsic fluorescence spectrum of the treated Mb showed an additional signal in the 400–500 nm region on excitation at 280 nm that was absent in control Mb. When excited at 335 nm, the glyoxal-treated sample gave a strong fluorescence indicating AGE formation. Mass spectrometric studies revealed formation of glyoxal-derived fluorescent AGE adduct pentosidine between Lys-145 and Arg-139 residues of Mb. Other than pentosidine, additional AGE adducts, namely, carboxymethyllysine at Lys-133, hydroimidazolone at Arg-31 and pyrrolidone-carboxymethyllysine at Lys-145 were also detected. Lys-145 was thus found to contain two different types of AGE adducts, indicating the heterogeneous nature of in vitro glycation reaction. AGE-induced protein modifications might be associated with complications in disease conditions.

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Acknowledgements

S.B. received a research fellowship [Grant No. 09/028(0802)/2010- EMR-1] from the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi. The study was supported by financial assistances from the Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi (No. SR/FST/LSI-286/2006) [DST-FIST program] and the University Grants Commission, New Delhi (No. F. 4-1/2009(SAP-II)) [DSA program].

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  1. Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, C V Raman Ave, Devasandra Layout, Bengaluru, 560012, Karnataka, India

    Sauradipta Banerjee

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Banerjee, S. Formation of Pentosidine Cross-Linking in Myoglobin by Glyoxal: Detection of Fluorescent Advanced Glycation End Product. J Fluoresc 27, 1213–1219 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-017-2064-8

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