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Effect of Plant Sterols and Tannins on Phytophthora ramorum Growth and Sporulation

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Abstract

Elicitin-mediated acquisition of plant sterols is required for growth and sporulation of Phytophthora spp. This study examined the interactions between elicitins, sterols, and tannins. Ground leaf tissue, sterols, and tannin-enriched extracts were obtained from three different plant species (California bay laurel, California black oak, and Oregon white oak) in order to evaluate the effect of differing sterol/tannin contents on Phytophthora ramorum growth. For all three species, high levels of foliage inhibited P. ramorum growth and sporulation, with a steeper concentration dependence for the two oak samples. Phytophthora ramorum growth and sporulation were inhibited by either phytosterols or tannin-enriched extracts. High levels of sterols diminished elicitin gene expression in P. ramorum; whereas the tannin-enriched extract decreased the amount of ‘functional’ or ELISA-detectable elicitin, but not gene expression. Across all treatment combinations, P. ramorum growth and sporulation correlated strongly with the amount of ELISA-detectable elicitin (R 2 = 0.791 and 0.961, respectively).

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Acknowledgements

Funding for this research was provided by the US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station. We thank Ellen Goheen, U.S. Forest Service, for assistance in collecting the black oak leaves in 2007, and Mr. Dale Gray for allowing the sampling of leaves from his ornamental California bay laurel in 2007 and 2008. We also thank Doug Westlind, U.S. Forest Service, for help collecting the black oak leaves in 2008. The research collaboration of M.P. González-Hernández was funded by the Ministry of Education and Science of Spain (Dirección General de Universidades).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. USDA-ARS, Soil-Plant-Nutrient Research, Fort Collins, CO, USA

    Rachel A. Stong, Eli Kolodny & Daniel K. Manter

  2. USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station, Corvallis, OR, USA

    Rick G. Kelsey

  3. Department Crop Production, Santiago de Compostela University, Lugo, Spain

    M. P. González-Hernández

  4. Center for Rhizosphere Biology, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA

    Jorge M. Vivanco

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  1. Rachel A. Stong
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  2. Eli Kolodny
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  3. Rick G. Kelsey
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  4. M. P. González-Hernández
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  5. Jorge M. Vivanco
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  6. Daniel K. Manter
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Correspondence to Daniel K. Manter.

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Stong, R.A., Kolodny, E., Kelsey, R.G. et al. Effect of Plant Sterols and Tannins on Phytophthora ramorum Growth and Sporulation. J Chem Ecol 39, 733–743 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-013-0295-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-013-0295-y

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