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Changes in Rice Allelopathy and Rhizosphere Microflora by Inhibiting Rice Phenylalanine Ammonia-lyase Gene Expression

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Abstract

Gene expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in allelopathic rice PI312777 was inhibited by RNA interference (RNAi). Transgenic rice showed lower levels of PAL gene expression and PAL activity than wild type rice (WT). The concentrations of phenolic compounds were lower in the root tissues and root exudates of transgenic rice than in those of wild type plants. When barndyardgrass (BYG) was used as the receiver plant, the allelopathic potential of transgenic rice was reduced. The sizes of the bacterial and fungal populations in rice rhizospheric soil at the 3-, 5-, and 7-leaf stages were estimated by using quantitative PCR (qPCR), which showed a decrease in both populations at all stages of leaf development analyzed. However, PI312777 had a larger microbial population than transgenic rice. In addition, in T-RFLP studies, 14 different groups of bacteria were detected in WT and only 6 were detected in transgenic rice. This indicates that there was less rhizospheric bacterial diversity associated with transgenic rice than with WT. These findings collectively suggest that PAL functions as a positive regulator of rice allelopathic potential.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31271670, 31070447, 31070403, 30471028) and Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Fujian, China (No. 2011J05045, 2010J05045, 2008J0051) and the Research Foundation of Education Department of Fujian Province (No. JA11087).

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  1. Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China

    Changxun Fang, Tiecheng Xu, Yingzhe Li, Yue Li & Wenxiong Lin

  2. Institute of Agroecology/School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China

    Changxun Fang, Tiecheng Xu, Yingzhe Li, Yue Li & Wenxiong Lin

  3. Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, 362011, People’s Republic of China

    Yuee Zhuang

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  1. Changxun Fang
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Correspondence to Wenxiong Lin.

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Changxun Fang and Yuee Zhuang contributed equally to the work.

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Fang, C., Zhuang, Y., Xu, T. et al. Changes in Rice Allelopathy and Rhizosphere Microflora by Inhibiting Rice Phenylalanine Ammonia-lyase Gene Expression. J Chem Ecol 39, 204–212 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-013-0249-4

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