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Transparent magnesium aluminate spinel: a prospective biomaterial for esthetic orthodontic brackets

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Abstract

Adult orthodontics is recently gaining popularity due to its importance in esthetics, oral and general health. However, none of the currently available alumina or zirconia based ceramic orthodontic brackets meet the esthetic demands of adult patients. Inherent hexagonal lattice structure and associated birefringence limits the visible light transmission in polycrystalline alumina and make them appear white and non transparent. Hence focus of the present study was to assess the feasibility of using magnesium aluminate (MgAl2O4) spinel; a member of the transparent ceramic family for esthetic orthodontic brackets. Transparent spinel specimens were developed from commercially available white spinel powder through colloidal shaping followed by pressureless sintering and hot isostatic pressing at optimum conditions of temperature and pressure. Samples were characterized for chemical composition, phases, density, hardness, flexural strength, fracture toughness and optical transmission. Biocompatibility was evaluated with in-vitro cell line experiments for cytotoxicity, apoptosis and genotoxicity. Results showed that transparent spinel samples had requisite physico-chemical, mechanical, optical and excellent biocompatibility for fabricating orthodontic brackets. Transparent spinel developed through this method demonstrated its possibility as a prospective biomaterial for developing esthetic orthodontic brackets.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Dr. G. Sundararajan, (Director), International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI), Hyderabad, India and Dr. B. S. Dwarakanath, (Additional Director), Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Delhi, India.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dental Research & Implantology, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India

    Manu Krishnan & Brijesh Tiwari

  2. Base Hospital, School of Medicine & Paramedical Health Sciences, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi, 110010, India

    Saraswathy Seema

  3. Centre for Ceramic Processing, International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy & New Materials (ARCI), Hyderabad, 500005, India

    Papiya Biswas, Kotikalapudi Rajeswari, Madireddy Buchi Suresh & Roy Johnson

  4. Naval Material Research Laboratory (NMRL), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Ambernath, Mumbai, India

    Nitin M. Gokhale

  5. Army Dental Centre (Research and Referral), Delhi, 110010, India

    Satish R. Iyer & Vimal Arora

  6. Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India

    Namitha Kalra

  7. Department of Orthodontics, Army Dental Centre (Research and Referral), Delhi, 110010, India

    Sanjay Londhe

  8. Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India

    Rajendra P. Tripathi

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  1. Manu Krishnan
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  2. Brijesh Tiwari
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  3. Saraswathy Seema
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  9. Nitin M. Gokhale
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  10. Satish R. Iyer
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Correspondence to Manu Krishnan.

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Krishnan, M., Tiwari, B., Seema, S. et al. Transparent magnesium aluminate spinel: a prospective biomaterial for esthetic orthodontic brackets. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 25, 2591–2599 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-014-5268-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-014-5268-3

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