Abstract
Discs of biocompatible glass ionomer cements were prepared for Hertzian indentation and subsequent fracture analyses. Specifically, 2 × 10 mm samples for reproducing bottom-initiated radial fracture, complemented by 0.2 × 1 mm samples for optimal resolution with X-ray micro tomography (μCT), maintaining dimensional ratio. The latter allowed for accurate determination of volumetric-porosity of the fully cured material, fracture-branching through three Cartesian axes and incomplete bottom-initiated cracking. Nanocomputed tomography analyses supported the reliability of the μCT results. Complementary 2-dimensional fractographic investigation was carried out by optical and scanning electron microscopies on the larger samples, identifying fracture characteristics. The combined 3-D qualitative assessment of microstructure and fractures, complemented by 2-D methods, provided an increased understanding of the mechanism of mechanical failure in these cements. Specifically, cracks grew to link pores while propagating along glass-matrix interfaces. The methodological development herein is exploitable on related biomaterials and represents a new tool for the rational characterisation, optimisation and design of novel materials for clinical service.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by grants ETT-489/2009 and TAMOP-4.2.1.B of Hungary as well as TET-SIN-CELLTHER grant supported by NKTH-A*STAR. The authors thank Professor Brian W. Darvell for initiating this project, Ms. Elke Van de Casteele from SkyScan for her help with nano CT imaging and Miss Tóbiás Edit, Mr. Szabó Bence and Gimesi Brigitte for help with sample preparation. Technical University Materials laboratory staff Mark and Peter are gratefully acknowledged for technical support and discussion. GC Corporation (Japan) is also acknowledged for donation of the materials tested. KVT, GAC, IGC thank GIOCOMMS (Toronto/Budapest/Beijing) for supporting international researcher and student exchanges, in addition to the Centre for Advanced Functional Materials (CAFMaD) through the Higher Educational Funding Council for Wales (HEFCW) for personal support 2006-2011.
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Tian, K.V., Nagy, P.M., Chass, G.A. et al. Qualitative assessment of microstructure and Hertzian indentation failure in biocompatible glass ionomer cements. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 23, 677–685 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-012-4553-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-012-4553-2