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Multifunctional implant coatings providing possibilities for fast antibiotics loading with subsequent slow release

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Abstract

The possibility to fast-load biomimetic hydroxyapatite coatings on surgical implant with the antibiotics Amoxicillin, Gentamicin sulfate, Tobramycin and Cephalothin has been investigated in order to develop a multifunctional implant device offering sustained local anti-bacterial treatment and giving the surgeon the possibility to choose which antibiotics to incorporate in the implant at the site of surgery. Physical vapor deposition was used to coat titanium surfaces with an adhesion enhancing gradient layer of titanium oxide having an amorphous oxygen poor composition at the interface and a crystalline bioactive anatase TiO2 composition at the surface. Hydroxyapatite (HA) was biomimetically grown on the bioactive TiO2 to serve as a combined bone in-growth promoter and drug delivery vehicle. The coating was characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The antibiotics were loaded into the HA coatings via soaking and the subsequent release and antibacterial effect were analyzed using UV spectroscopy and examination of inhibition zones in a Staphylococcus aureus containing agar. It was found that a short drug loading time of 15 min ensured antibacterial effects after 24 h for all antibiotics under study. It was further found that the release processes of Cephalothin and Amoxicillin consisted of an initial rapid drug release that varied unpredictably in amount followed by a reproducible and sustained release process with a release rate independent of the drug loading times under study. Thus, implants that have been fast-loaded with drugs could be stored for ~10 min in a simulated body fluid after loading to ensure reproducibility in the subsequent release process. Calculated release rates and measurements of drug amounts remaining in the samples after 22 h of release indicated that a therapeutically relevant dose could be achieved close to the implant surface for about 2 days. Concluding, the present study provides an outline for the development of a fast-loading slow-release surgical implant kit where the implant and the drug are separated when delivered to the surgeon, thus constituting a flexible solution for the surgeon by offering the choice of quick addition of antibiotics to the implant coating based on the patient need.

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Acknowledgements

The Swedish funding agency Vinnova and the Göran Gustafsson foundation are acknowledged for funding the present work. The Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation is also acknowledged for financing the analysis equipment used.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division for Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21, Uppsala, Sweden

    Ulrika Brohede, Johan Forsgren, Albert Mihranyan & Maria Strømme

  2. Division for Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21, Uppsala, Sweden

    Håkan Engqvist

  3. Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7025, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden

    Stefan Roos

Authors
  1. Ulrika Brohede
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  2. Johan Forsgren
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  3. Stefan Roos
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  4. Albert Mihranyan
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  5. Håkan Engqvist
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  6. Maria Strømme
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Håkan Engqvist or Maria Strømme.

Additional information

U. Brohede and J. Forsgren have contributed equally.

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Brohede, U., Forsgren, J., Roos, S. et al. Multifunctional implant coatings providing possibilities for fast antibiotics loading with subsequent slow release. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 20, 1859–1867 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-009-3749-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-009-3749-6

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