Abstract
The influence of long-term milling of a mixture of (1) MgO and α-Fe2O3, (2) MgCO3, and α-Fe2O3, and (3) Mg(OH)2 and α-Fe2O3 powders in a planetary ball mill on the reaction synthesis of nanosized MgFe2O4 ferrites was studied. Mechanochemical reaction leading to formation of the MgFe2O4 spinel phase was followed by electron microscopy, (SEM and TEM), X-ray diffraction and magnetization measurements. The spinel phase was observed first in cases (1) and (2) after 5 h of milling, and its formation was observed in all cases after 10 h. The synthesized MgFe2O4 ferrite has a nanocrystalline structure with a crystallite size of about 11, 10, and 12 nm, respectively for cases (1)–(3). Magnetic measurements after 10 h of milling show magnetization values of 19.8 J/(Tkg), 23.5 J/(Tkg) and 13.8 J/(Tkg), respectively for the cases (1)–(3).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS), Powder Diffraction File (PDF) (International Centre for Diffraction Data, Newtown Square, PA, 2004)
H.S.C. O’Neill, H. Annersten, D. Virgo, Am. Mineral 725, 77 (1992)
V. Šepelak, D. Schultze, F. Krumeich, U. Steinike, K.D. Becker, Solid State Ion 677, 141 (2001)
Z. Wang, P. Lazor, S.K. Saxena, H.S.C. O’Neill, Mater. Res. Bull. 1589, 37 (2002)
D. Levy, V. Diella, M. Dapiaggi, A. Sani, M. Gemmi, A. Pavese, Phys. Chem. Miner. 122, 31 (2004)
M.A. Willard, L.K. Kurihara, E.E. Carpenter, S. Calvin, V.G. Harris, Int. Mater. Rev. 125, 49 (2004)
S.H. Yu, M. Yoshimura, Chem. Mater. 3805, 12 (2000)
H.W. Wang, S.C. Kung, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 230, 270 (2004)
L. Lechevallier, J.M. Le Breton, J.F. Wang, I.R. Harris, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 5359, 16 (2004)
S.D. Shenoy, P.A. Joy, M.R. Anantharaman, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 217, 269 (2004)
V. Nivoix, B. Gillot, Chem. Mater. 2971, 12 (2000)
C.C. Hwang, J.S. Tsai, T.H. Huang, C.H. Peng, S.Y. Chen, J. Solid State Chem. 382, 178 (2005)
M. Veith, M. Haas, V. Huch, Chem. Mater. 95, 17 (2005)
S. Chakraverty, K. Mandal, S. Mitra, S. Chattopadhyay, S. Kumar, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 7782, 43 (2004)
M.N.B. Silva, J.G.D. Duque, D.X. Gouveia, J.A.C. de Paiva, M.A. Macedo, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 5249, 43 (2004)
S. Komarneni, M.C. D’Arrigo, C. Leonelli, G.C. Pellacani, H. Katsuki, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 3041, 81 (1998)
S. Verma, P.A. Joy, Y.B. Khollam, H.S. Potdar, S.B. Deshpande, Mater. Lett. 1092, 58 (2004)
C.R. Vestal, Z.J. Zhang, Chem. Mater. 3817, 14 (2002)
F. Grasset, N. Labhsetwar, D. Li, D.C. Park, N. Saito, H. Haneda et al., Langmuir 8209, 18 (2002)
A.E. Baranchikov, V.K. Ivanov, N.N. Oleinikov, Y.D. Tretyakov, Inorg. Mater. 1091, 40 (2004)
V. Šepelak, U. Steinike, D.C. Uecker, S. Wissmann, K.D. Becker, J. Solid State Chem. 52, 135 (1998)
E. Avvakumov, M. Senna, N. Kosova, Soft Mechanochemical Synthesis: A Basis for New Chemical Technologies (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 2001)
E. Manova, B. Kunev, D. Paneva, I. Mitov, L. Petrov, C. Estournes et al., Chem. Mater. 5689, 16 (2004)
M. Muroi, R. Street, P.G. McCormick, J. Amighian, Phys. Rev. B 184414, 63 (2001)
F. Padella, C. Alvani, A. La Barbera, G. Ennas, R. Liberatore, F. Varsano, Mater. Chem. Phys. 172, 90 (2005)
P. Osmokrović, Č. Jovalekić, D. Manojlović, M.B. Pavlović, J. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater. 312, 8 (2006)
P. Druska, U. Steinike, V. Šepelak, J. Solid State Chem. 13, 146 (1999)
V. Šepelak, S. Wissmann, K.D. Becker, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 135, 203 (1999)
G.F. Goya, H.R. Rechenberg, M. Chen, W.B. Yelon, J. Appl. Phys. 8005, 87 (2000)
W. Kim, F. Saito, Powder Technol. 12, 114 (2001)
S. Bid, S.K. Pradhan, Mater. Chem. Phys. 27, 82 (2003)
T. Verdier, V. Nachbaur, M. Jean, J. Solid State Chem. 3243, 178 (2005)
V.G. Harris, D.J. Fatemi, J.O. Cross, E.E. Carpenter, V.M. Browning, J.P. Kirkland et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 496, 94 (2003)
T. Verdier, V. Nivoix, M. Jean, B. Hannoyer, J. Mater. Sci. 5151, 39 (2004)
R.N. Bhowmik, R. Ranganathan, J. Mater. Sci. 4391, 37 (2002)
N. Guigue-Millot, S. Begin-Colin, Y. Champion, M.J. Hytch, G. Le Cae¨r, P. Perriat, J. Solid State Chem. 30, 170 (2003)
V. Šepelak, M. Menzel, I. Bergmann, M. Wiebcke, F. Krumeich, K.D. Becker, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1616, 272 (2004)
H. Yang, X. Zhang, W. Ao, G. Qiu, Mater. Res. Bull. 833, 39 (2004)
Z.H. Zhou, J.M. Xue, J. Wang, H.S.O. Chan, T. Yu, Z.X. Shen, J. Appl. Phys. 6015, 91 (2002)
H.M. Yang, X.C. Zhang, A.D. Tang, G.Z. Qiu, Chem. Lett. 826, 33 (2004)
G. Ennas, G. Marongiu, S. Marras, G. Piccaluga, J. Nanopart. Res. 99, 6 (2004)
S. Bid, S.K. Pradhan, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 5455, 43 (2004)
M. Mozaffari, J. Amighian, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 244, 260 (2003)
H.M. Widatallah, F.J. Berry, J. Solid State Chem. 230, 164 (2002)
V. Šepelak, A. Feldhof, P. Heitjans, F. Krumeich, D. Menzel, F.J. Litterst et al., Chem. Mater. 3057, 18 (2006)
M. Zdujić, Č. Jovalekić, L. Karanović, M. Mitrić, D. Poleti, D. Skala, Mater. Sci. Eng. 109, A245 (1998)
B.E. Warren, X-ray Diffraction (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1969)
M. Zdujić, Č. Jovalekić, L. Karanović, M. Mitrić, Mater. Sci. Eng. 204, A262 (1999)
Acknowledgment
The ministry of Science and Environmental Protection of the Republic of Serbia supported this work. We thank Sabine Goma for the X-Ray measurements.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pavlović, M., Jovalekić, Č., Nikolić, A.S. et al. Mechanochemical synthesis of stoichiometric MgFe2O4 spinel. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 20, 782–787 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-008-9802-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-008-9802-2